{ "dictype": "WikiDicScrap", "error": false, "code": 200, "json": { "type": "wiki", "pronunciations": { "phonetic": [ "bɛr" ], "imgurl": [ "/var/www/html/blab/dic/img/bear.jpg" ], "listenurl": [ { "lang": "Audio (GA)", "url": "" } ] }, "meansorg": { "etymologies": [ "From Middle English bere, from Old English bera, from Proto-West Germanic *berō, from Proto-Germanic *berô (compare West Frisian bear, Dutch beer, German Bär, Danish bjørn).\n\n\netymology notes\n\nThis is generally taken to be from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“shining, brown”) (compare Tocharian A parno, Tocharian B perne (“radiant, luminous”), Lithuanian bė́ras (“brown”)), related to brown, bruin, and beaver.\nThe Germanic languages replaced the older name of the bear, *h₂ŕ̥tḱos, with the epithet \"brown one\", presumably due to taboo avoidance; compare Russian медве́дь (medvédʹ, “bear”, literally “honey-eater”).\nHowever, Ringe (2006:106) doubts the existence of a root *bʰer- meaning \"brown\" (\"an actual PIE word of shape and meaning is not recoverable\") and suggests that a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰwer- (“wild animal”) \"should therefore perhaps be preferred\", implying a Germanic merger of *ǵʰw and *gʷʰ (*gʷʰ may sometimes result in Germanic *b, perhaps e.g. in *bidjaną, but it also seems to have given the g in gun and the w in warm).", "From Middle English beren (“carry, bring forth”), from Old English beran (“to carry, bear, bring”), from Proto-West Germanic *beran, from Proto-Germanic *beraną, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti, from *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).\nAkin to Old High German beran (“carry”), Dutch baren, Norwegian Bokmål bære, Norwegian Nynorsk bera, German gebären, Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 (bairan), Sanskrit भरति (bhárati), Latin ferre, and Ancient Greek φέρειν (phérein), Albanian bie (“to bring, to bear”), Russian брать (bratʹ, “to take”), Persian بردن‎ (bordan, “to take, to carry”).", "", "Middle English bere (“pillowcase”), of obscure origin, but compare Old English hlēor-bera (“cheek-cover”). Possibly cognate to Low German büre, whence German Bühre, which in turn has been compared to French bure." ], "typelist": [ { "name": "Noun", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "A large, generally omnivorous mammal (a few species are purely carnivorous or herbivorous), related to the dog and raccoon, having shaggy hair, a very small tail, and flat feet; a member of the family Ursidae.", "submean": [ "(cooking, uncountable) The meat of this animal.\nWe had barbecued bear for dinner." ] }, { "mean": "(figuratively) A rough, unmannerly, uncouth person." }, { "mean": "(finance) An investor who sells commodities, securities, or futures in anticipation of a fall in prices. \nAntonym: bull" }, { "mean": "(CB radio, slang, US) A state policeman (short for Smokey Bear)." }, { "mean": "(gay slang) A large, hairy man, especially one who is homosexual. \n\nAntonym: twink" }, { "mean": "(engineering) A portable punching machine." }, { "mean": "(nautical) A block covered with coarse matting, used to scour the deck." }, { "mean": "(cartomancy) The fifteenth Lenormand card." }, { "mean": "(colloquial, US) Something difficult or tiresome; a burden or chore.\nThat window can be a bear to open." } ] }, { "name": "Verb", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(finance, transitive) To endeavour to depress the price of, or prices in.\nto bear a railroad stock\nto bear the market" } ] }, { "name": "Adjective", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(finance, investments) Characterized by declining prices in securities markets or by belief that the prices will fall.\nThe great bear market starting in 1929 scared a whole generation of investors." } ] }, { "name": "See_also", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "ursine\nAppendix:Animals\nAppendix:English collective nouns" } ] }, { "name": "References", "meanlist": [ { "mean": ".mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-lower-alpha ol{list-style:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-upper-alpha ol{list-style:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-lower-roman ol{list-style:lower-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-upper-roman ol{list-style:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-lower-greek ol{list-style:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-disc ol{list-style:disc}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-square ol{list-style:square}.mw-parser-output .reflist.list-style-none ol{list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .reflist.nobacklinks .mw-cite-backlink,.mw-parser-output .reflist.nobacklinks li>a{display:none}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-xx-small ol{font-size:xx-small}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-x-small ol{font-size:x-small}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-smaller ol{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-small ol{font-size:small}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-medium ol{font-size:medium}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-large ol{font-size:large}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-larger ol{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-x-large ol{font-size:x-large}.mw-parser-output .reflist.font-size-xx-large ol{font-size:xx-large}.mw-parser-output .reflist .mw-references-wrap{column-count:2}.mw-parser-output .reflist .mw-references-wrap{column-count:3}.mw-parser-output .reflist .mw-references-wrap{column-count:4}.mw-parser-output .reflist .mw-references-wrap{column-count:5}\n ^ Matthew D. Johnson(2004),“Bear Movement”, inArchives of the glbtq Encyclopedia Project(PDF), archived from the original on 2017-01-10 “Bear culture has its origins in informal \"chubby and chubby-chaser\" networks among gay men in the late 1960s and early 1970s.”\n\n\nDonald A. Ringe, From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (2006), Linguistic history of English, vol. 1, Oxford: Oxford University Press →ISBN" } ] }, { "name": "Further_reading", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "bear on Wikipedia.Wikipedia" } ] }, { "name": "Verb_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(chiefly transitive) To carry or convey, literally or figuratively.\nThey came bearing gifts.\nJudging from the look on his face, he wasn't bearing good news.\nThe little boat bore us to our destination.\nThis plant's light and fluffy seeds may be borne by the wind to remote islands.", "submean": [ "(transitive, of weapons, flags or symbols of rank, office, etc.) To carry upon one's person, especially visibly; to be equipped with.\nthe right to bear arms", "(transitive, of garments, pieces of jewellery, etc.) To wear. (Can we add an example for this sense?)", "(transitive, rarely intransitive, of a woman or female animal) To carry (offspring in the womb), to be pregnant (with).\nThe scan showed that the ewe was bearing twins.", "(transitive) To have or display (a mark or other feature).\nShe still bears the scars from a cycling accident.\nThe stone bears a short inscription.\nThis bears all the hallmarks of a terrorist attack.\n", "(transitive) To display (a particular heraldic device) on a shield or coat of arms; to be entitled to wear or use (a heraldic device) as a coat of arms. \nThe shield bore a red cross.", "(transitive) To present or exhibit (a particular outward appearance); to have (a certain look). \nHe bore the look of a defeated man.\n", "(transitive) To have (a name, title, or designation). \nThe school still bears the name of its founder.\n", "(transitive) To possess or enjoy (recognition, renown, a reputation, etc.); to have (a particular price, value, or worth). \nThe dictator bears a terrible reputation for cruelty.", "(transitive, of an investment, loan, etc.) To have (interest or a specified rate of interest) stipulated in its terms. \nThe bond bears a fixed interest rate of 3.5%.", "(transitive, of a person or animal) To have (an appendage, organ, etc.) as part of the body; (of a part of the body) to have (an appendage).\nOnly the male Indian elephant bears tusks.", "(transitive) To carry or hold in the mind; to experience, entertain, harbour (an idea, feeling, or emotion).\nto bear a grudge, to bear ill will\n", "(transitive, rare) To feel and show (respect, reverence, loyalty, etc.) to, towards, or unto a person or thing.\nThe brothers had always borne one another respect.", "(transitive) To possess inherently (a quality, attribute, power, or capacity); to have and display as an essential characteristic.\nto bear life", "(transitive, of a thing) To have (a relation, correspondence, etc.) to something else. \nThe punishment bears no relation to the crime.", "(transitive) To give (written or oral testimony or evidence); (figurative) to provide or constitute (evidence or proof), give witness.\nHis achievements bear testimony to his ability.\nThe jury could see he was bearing false witness.", "(transitive) To have (a certain meaning, intent, or effect).\nThis word no longer bears its original meaning.\n", "(reflexive, transitive) To behave or conduct (oneself).\nShe bore herself well throughout the ordeal.\n", "(transitive, rare) To possess and use, to exercise (power or influence); to hold (an office, rank, or position).\n", "(intransitive, obsolete) To carry a burden or burdens. ", "(transitive, obsolete, rare) To take or bring (a person) with oneself; to conduct. \n" ] }, { "mean": "To support, sustain, or endure.", "submean": [ "", " (transitive) To support or sustain; to hold up.\nThis stone bears most of the weight.", "(now transitive outside certain set patterns such as 'bear with'; formerly also intransitive) To endure or withstand (hardship, scrutiny, etc.); to tolerate; to be patient (with).\nSynonyms: brook, endure; see also Thesaurus:tolerate\nThe pain is too much for me to bear.\nI would never move to Texas — I can't bear heat.\nThis reasoning will not bear much analysis.\nPlease bear with me as I try to find the book you need.\n", "(transitive) To sustain, or be answerable for (blame, expense, responsibility, etc.).\nThe hirer must bear the cost of any repairs.\n", "(transitive) To admit or be capable of (a meaning); to suffer or sustain without violence, injury, or change.\n", "(transitive) To warrant, justify the need for.\nThis storm definitely bears monitoring." ] }, { "mean": "To support, keep up, or maintain.", "submean": [ "(transitive) To afford, to be something to someone, to supply with something. (Can we add an example for this sense?)\n", "(transitive) To carry on, or maintain; to have. (Can we add an example for this sense?)\n" ] }, { "mean": "To press or impinge upon.", "submean": [ "(intransitive, usually with on, upon, or against) To push, thrust, press.\nThe rope has frayed where it bears on the rim of the wheel.\n", "(intransitive, figuratively) To take effect; to have influence or force; to be relevant.\nto bring arguments to bear\nHow does this bear on the question?", "(intransitive, military, usually with on or upon) Of a weapon, to be aimed at an enemy or other target.\nThe cannons were wheeled around to bear upon the advancing troops.\n" ] }, { "mean": "To produce, yield, give birth to.", "submean": [ "", "(transitive, ditransitive) To give birth to (someone or something) (may take the father of the direct object as an indirect object).\nIn Troy she becomes Paris’ wife, bearing him several children, all of whom die in infancy.\n", "(transitive, less commonly intransitive) To produce or yield something, such as fruit or crops.\nThis year our apple trees bore a good crop of fruit.\n" ] }, { "mean": "(intransitive, originally nautical) To be, or head, in a specific direction or azimuth (from somewhere).\nCarry on past the church and then bear left at the junction.\nBy my readings, we're bearing due south, so we should turn about ten degrees east.\nGreat Falls bears north of Bozeman." }, { "mean": "(transitive, obsolete) To gain or win." } ] }, { "name": "References_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "bear at OneLook Dictionary Search\nbear in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911" } ] }, { "name": "Noun_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "Alternative spelling of bere (“barley”).\n1800, Tuke, Agric., 119:\nThere are several plots of those species of barley called big, which is six-rowed barley; or bear, which is four-rowed, cultivated.\n1818, Marshall, Reports Agric., I. 191:\nBigg or bear, with four grains on the ear, was the kind of barley.\n1895, Dixon, Whittingham Vale, 130:\nTwo stacks of beare, of xx boules,\n1908, Burns Chronicle and Club Directory, page 151:\n one wheat stack, one half-stack of corn, and a little hay, all standing in the barnyard; four stacks of bear in the barn, about three bolls of bear lying on the barn floor, two stacks of corn in the barn, \n1802-1816, Papers on Sutherland Estate Management, published in 1972, Scottish History Society, Publications:\nYour Horses are Getting Pease Straw, and looking very well. The 2 Stacks of Bear formerly mentioned as Put in by Mr Bookless is not fully dressed as yet so that I cannot say at present what Quantity they may Produce ." } ] }, { "name": "Noun_3", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(obsolete) A pillowcase; a fabric case or covering as for a pillow.\n1742, William Ellis, The London and Country Brewer Fourth Edition, page 36:\nAnd, according to this, one of my Neighbours made a Bag, like a Pillow-bear, of the ordinary six-penny yard Cloth, and boiled his Hops in it half an Hour; then he took them out, and put in another Bag of the like Quantity of fresh Hops, \n1850, Samuel Tymms, Wills and Inventories from the Registers of the Commissary of Bury St. Edmunds and the Archdeacon of Sudbury, page 116:\nij payer of schete, ij pelows wt the berys,\n1858, Journal of the Statistical Society of London, page 409:\n1641.—14 yards of femble cloth, 12s. ; 8 yards of linen, 6s. 8d. ; 20 yards of harden, 10s. ; 5 linen sheets, 1l. ; 7 linen pillow bears, 8s. ; 2 femble sheets and a line hard sheet, 10s. ; 3 linen towels, 4s. ; 6 lin curtains and a vallance, 12s. ; \n1905, Emily Wilder Leavitt, Palmer Groups: John Melvin of Charlestown and Concord, Mass. and His Descendants ; Gathered and Arranged for Mr. Lowell Mason Palmer of New York, page 24:\nI give to my Grand Child Lidea Carpenter the Coverlid that her mother spun and my pillow bear and a pint Cup & my great Pott that belongs to the Pott and Trammels.\n1941, Minnie Hite Moody, Long Meadows, page 71:\n a man's eyes played him false, sitting him before tables proper with damask and pewter, leading him to fall into beds gracious with small and large feather beds for softness and pillowed luxuriously under pretty checked linen pillow bears." } ] } ] }, "meanskor": { "etymologies": [ "", "", "", "" ], "typelist": [ { "name": "명사", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "", "submean": [ "" ] }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "동사.", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "형용사", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "참고_참고", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "레퍼런스", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "추가_판독", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "동사_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }, { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }, { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "" ] }, { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "", "" ] }, { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "", "" ] }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "참조_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "명사_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "명사_3", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] } ] }, "synonyms": { "org": [ "(large omnivorous mammal): see Thesaurus:bear", "(rough, uncouth person): see Thesaurus:troublemaker", "(police officer): see Thesaurus:police officer" ], "kor": [ "", "", "" ] } } }