{ "dictype": "WikiDicScrap", "error": false, "code": 200, "json": { "type": "wiki", "pronunciations": { "phonetic": [ "dɪˈklaɪn" ], "listenurl": [ { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/decline.ogg" }, { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/decline.mp3" } ] }, "meansorg": { "etymologies": [ "From Middle English declinen, and ultimately Latin declīnō (“to bend, turn aside, deflect, inflect, decline”), from de (“down”) + clīnō (“I bend, I incline”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱley- (English lean). The senses arrived from two separate pathways in Middle English:\n\nThe grammatical sense came from Old English declīnian, which was borrowed directly from the Latin etymon.\nAll senses except the grammatical sense were derived from those of Old French decliner. Old French itself borrowed the verb from Latin." ], "typelist": [ { "name": "Noun", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "Downward movement, fall.(Can we add an example for this sense?)" }, { "mean": "A sloping downward, e.g. of a hill or road.(Can we add an example for this sense?)" }, { "mean": "A weakening.(Can we add an example for this sense?)\n2012 January 1, Philip E. Mirowski, “Harms to Health from the Pursuit of Profits”, in American Scientist‎, volume 100, number 1, page 87:In an era when political leaders promise deliverance from decline through America’s purported preeminence in scientific research, the news that science is in deep trouble in the United States has been as unwelcome as a diagnosis of leukemia following the loss of health insurance." }, { "mean": "A reduction or diminution of activity.\n1992, Rudolf M Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page ix:It is also pertinent to note that the current obvious decline in work on holarctic hepatics most surely reflects a current obsession with cataloging and with nomenclature of the organisms—as divorced from their study as living entities.\n2022 March 23, Paul Clifton, “Londoners pay the price”, in RAIL, number 953, page 48:\"It knows it has to plan for managed decline, but it can't even plan for managed decline if it doesn't know how much decline to manage.\"" }, { "mean": "The act of declining or refusing something.\n2004, David A. Montague, Fraud Prevention Techniques for Credit Card Fraud:The issuing bank only checks the consumer's credit card number for authorization. Soft declines are those declines in which the bank requires further verification." } ] }, { "name": "Verb", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(intransitive) To move downwards, to fall, to drop.\nThe dollar has declined rapidly since 2001." }, { "mean": "(intransitive) To become weaker or worse.\nMy health declined in winter." }, { "mean": "(transitive) To bend downward; to bring down; to depress; to cause to bend, or fall.\n1728, James Thomson, “Spring”, in The Seasons, London: A Millar, and sold by Thomas Cadell, , published 1768, →OCLC:\nin melancholy site, with head declined\n1590, Edmund Spenser, “Book II, Canto IX”, in The Faerie Queene. , London: for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC, stanza 10:And now faire Phoebus gan decline in hast / His weary wagon to the Westerne vale." }, { "mean": "(transitive) To cause to decrease or diminish.\n1612–1613, Nathan Field; John Fletcher; Philip Massinger, “The Honest Mans Fortune”, in Comedies and Tragedies , London: Humphrey Robinson, , and for Humphrey Moseley , published 1647, →OCLC, Act II, scene ii:You have declin'd his means.\n1624, Democritus Junior , The Anatomy of Melancholy: , 2nd edition, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, →OCLC:\nHe knoweth his error, but will not seek to decline it." }, { "mean": "To turn or bend aside; to deviate; to stray; to withdraw.\na line that declines from straightness\nconduct that declines from sound morals\n1611, The Holy Bible,  (King James Version), London: Robert Barker, , →OCLC, Psalms 99:157:\nYet do I not decline from thy testimonies." }, { "mean": "(transitive) To choose not to do something; refuse, forbear, refrain.\n1626, Philip Massinger, The Roman Actor\nCould I decline this dreadful hour?\n1918, W B Maxwell, chapter VII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:“ This is Mr. Churchill, who, as you are aware, is good enough to come to us for his diaconate, and, as we hope, for much longer; and being a gentleman of independent means, he declines to take any payment.” Saying this Walden rubbed his hands together and smiled contentedly.\nOn reflection I think I will decline your generous offer." }, { "mean": "(transitive, grammar, usually of substantives, adjectives and pronouns) To inflect for case, number, gender, and the like." }, { "mean": "(transitive, grammar) To recite all the different declined forms of (a word).\n1570, Roger Ascham, The Scholemaster (first edition)\nafter the first declining of a noun and a verb" }, { "mean": "(by extension) To run through from first to last; to recite in order as though declining a noun.\nc. 1593 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedy of Richard the Third: ”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, :Decline all this, and see what now thou art. For happy wife, a most distressed widow; For joyful mother, one that wails the name; For one being sued to, one that humbly sues; For queen , a very caitiff crown'd with care" }, { "mean": "(American football, Canadian football) To reject a penalty against the opposing team, usually because the result of accepting it would benefit the non-penalized team less than the preceding play.\nThe team chose to decline the fifteen-yard penalty because their receiver had caught the ball for a thirty-yard gain." } ] }, { "name": "Further_reading", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "decline in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. C. Merriam, 1913\ndecline in The Century Dictionary, New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911\ndecline at OneLook Dictionary Search" } ] } ] }, "meanskor": { "etymologies": [ "" ], "typelist": [ { "name": "명사", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "동사.", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "추가_판독", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] } ] } } }