{
  "type": "wiki",
  "pronunciations": {
    "phonetic": [
      "\u02ccd\u025bm\u0259\u02c8kr\u00e6t\u026ak"
    ],
    "listenurl": [
      {
        "lang": "Audio (GA)",
        "url": ""
      },
      {
        "lang": "Audio (GA)",
        "url": ""
      }
    ]
  },
  "meansorg": {
    "etymologies": [
      "From Middle French democratique (\u201cpertaining to democracy, democratic\u201d) (modern French d\u00e9mocratique), and its etymon Late Latin democraticus (\u201cpertaining to democracy, democratic; democrat\u201d), from Ancient Greek \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u03c4\u1fd0\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (d\u0113mokratik\u00f3s, \u201cof or for democracy; favouring or suited for democracy\u201d), from \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u03c4\u1fd0\u0301\u1fb1 (d\u0113mokrat\u00ed\u0101, \u201cdemocracy\u201d) + -\u1fd0\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (-ik\u00f3s, suffix with the sense \u2018of or pertaining\u2019 to forming adjectives).1 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u03c4\u1fd0\u0301\u1fb1 (D\u0113mokrat\u00ed\u0101) is derived from \u03b4\u1fc6\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (d\u00eamos, \u201cthe common people; free citizens, sovereign people; popular assembly; popular government, democracy\u201d) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European deh\u2082- (\u201cto divide; to share\u201d)) + -\u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u03c4\u1fd0\u0301\u1fb1 (-krat\u00ed\u0101, suffix meaning \u2018government; rule\u2019) (from \u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u0301\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (kr\u00e1tos, \u201cmight, strength; dominion, power\u201d) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European kret- (\u201cinsight, intelligence; strength\u201d)) + -\u1fd0\u0301\u1fb1 (-\u00ed\u0101, suffix forming feminine abstract nouns))."
    ],
    "typelist": [
      {
        "name": "Adjective",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "Pertaining to democracy; constructed upon or in line with the principle of government chosen by the people.\nSynonym: (archaic) democratical\nAntonyms: nondemocratic, undemocratic\nThe United States is a democratic country, as the citizens are allowed to choose leaders to represent their interests.\n1599,  ,  \u201cOf a Kings Dvtie in His Office. The Second Booke.\u201d, in  \u0392\u0391\u03a3\u0399\u039b\u0399\u039a\u039f\u039d \u0394\u03a9\u03a1\u039f\u039d . Or His Maiesties Instrvctions to His Dearest Sonne, Henry the Prince, London:    Felix Kyngston, for Iohn Norton,\u00a0, published 1603, \u2192OCLC, pages 39\u201340:ome firie \u017fpirited men in the Mini\u017fterie, got \u017fuch a guiding of the people at that time of confu\u017fion, as finding the gu\u017fte of gouernment \u017fweete, they begouth to fanta\u017fie to them\u017felues, a Democratick forme of gouernment:    and after v\u017furping the libertie of the time in my long minoritie, \u017fetled them\u017felues \u017fo fa\u017ft vpon that imagined Democracie, as they fed them\u017felues with the hope to become Trbuni plebis: and \u017fo in a populare gouernment by leading the people by the no\u017fe, to beare the \u017fway of all the rule.\n1658,  John Gauden,  Funerals Made Cordials: In a Sermon Prepared and (in Part) Preached at the Solemn Interment of the Corps of the Right Honorable Robert Rich, Heire Apparent to the Earldom of Warwick.\u00a0, London:    T. C. for Andrew Crook,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 82:hich government in its due con\u017ftitution no Chri\u017ftian or reformed Church, (not wholly under a democratick or popular \u017fpirit) yea no one eminent reformed Divine but did highly approve and de\u017fire the happine\u017fs to enjoy, as hath been made evident by their writings.\n1668,  Abraham Philotheus ,  Anarchie Reviving, or, The Good Old Cause on the Anvile.\u00a0, London: , \u2192OCLC, page 2:Others avouch plainly the Democratick Principles, That Government ri\u017fes from the People's Con\u017fent, and is radically founded in them;  \n1777 (erroneously indicated as 1677),  ,  \u201cAdditions to the Diaboliad, a Poem\u201d, in  The Diaboliad, a Poem Dedicated to the Worst Man in His Majesty\u2019s Dominions, 2nd edition, London:    G. Kearsly,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 13:There, fann\u2019d by me, lewd Faction\u2019s quick\u2019ning flame / In\u017fpires my duteous Children to defame / Tho\u017fe Laws of Freedom which \u017fo long have \u017ftood, / Fix\u2019d in the cement of Britannia\u2019s blood. / There, my \u017fubverting Delegates di\u017fplay / The madding pride of Democratic \u017fway.\n1788,  Publius ,  \u201cNumber X. The Same Subject Continued .\u201d, in  The Federalist: A Collection of Essays, Written in Favour of the New Constitution,   , volume I, New York, N.Y.:    J. and A. M\u2018Lean,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 60:The other point of difference is, the greater number of citizens and extent of territory which may be brought within the compa\u017fs of republican, than of democratic government; and it is this circum\u017ftance principally which renders factious combinations le\u017fs to be dreaded in the former, than in the latter.\n1791 August 3,  ,  An Appeal from the New to the Old Whigs,\u00a0, London:    J Dodsley,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 120:The democratick commonwealth is the foodfull nur\u017fe of ambition.    Whenever, in \u017ftates which have had a democratick ba\u017fis, they have endeavoured to put re\u017ftraints upon ambition, their methods were as violent, as in the end they were ineffectual; as violent indeed as any the mo\u017ft jealous de\u017fpoti\u017fm could invent.\n1809,  ,  \u201cNotices of the Life and Character of Fisher Ames\u201d, in Fisher Ames, Works of Fisher Ames.\u00a0, Boston, Mass.: T. B. Wait & Co.\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page xxiv:The division of the legislature into two branches and their diverse origin, the long duration of office in one branch, the distinct power of the executive, the independence and permanency of the judiciary are designed to balance and check the democratick tendencies of our polity.\n1817\u20131820,  ,  \u201cOf B\u0153otia and Attica\u201d, in  A Catechism of Universal History, Containing a Summary Account of the Various States, &c. &c. which Have Existed from the Earliest Ages to the Present Time (Pinnock\u2019s Catechism), 6th edition, London:    or Pinnock and Maunder, Mentorian Press,\u00a0; by C. Green,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 44:Q. Who liberated Athens from the power of Sparta? / A. Thrasyulus, having expelled the usurpers, established the democratic government, B.C. 401.\n1835,  Lyman Cobb,  \u201cLesson CCXVIII. Political Definitions.\u201d, in  The North American Reader;\u00a0, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, paragraph 10, page 473:In the United States, the federal and democratick parties divided the country till the termination of the last war.\n1994 October,  Muthiah Alagappa,  \u201cSummary\u201d, in Anne Stewart, editor, Democratic Transition in Asia: The Role of the International Community (East\u2013West Center Special Reports; no. 3), Honolulu, Hi.: East\u2013West Center, \u2192OCLC, page 5:In the conception of the Clinton administration and pro-democracy advocates, democracy and human rights are inextricably linked and mutually reinforcing. Human rights, defined in terms of the individual's political rights and civil liberties, are key ingredients of democracy. Without these rights, the integrity of participation and competition\u2014vital aspects of the democratic system\u2014cannot be guaranteed. The protection of human rights \"is the best safeguard against the abuse of national power,\" it is argued, and only democratic government can guarantee their protection.\n2001,  Gregory Houston; Ian Liebenberg,  \u201cIntroduction\u201d, in Gregory Houston, editor, Public Participation in Democratic Governance in South Africa, Pretoria, Gauteng: Human Sciences Research Council, \u2192ISBN, page 9:The tradition that public policy would be democratic in its formulation was carried into the new democracy when the ANC  came to power in 1994.\n2005,  \u201cIntroduction\u201d, in Antonio F. Perez, S\u00e9mou Path\u00e9 Gueye, and Fenggang Yang, editors, Civil Society as Democratic Practice (Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change Series VII, Seminar, Culture and Values; 22), Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy, \u2192ISBN, page 2:Beyond and in dialogue with the political and the economic, this active engagement and creative expression of the people constitutes authentic democratic process.\n2008,  BioWare,  Mass Effect (Science Fiction), Redwood City: Electronic Arts, \u2192ISBN, \u2192OCLC, PC, scene: Citadel:Shepard: You have the right to your opinion, Mr. Saracino. But with all due respect, I disagree with it.Charles Saracino: I understand. I'm glad you support the democratic process, at least.\n2019 July 21,  Meron Rapoport,  \u201cWhen Zionism Imagined Jewish Nationalism without Supremacy\u201d, in  +972 Magazine\u200e, Tel Aviv, Israel: 972\u00a0\u2013 Advancement of Citizen Journalism, archived from the original on 10 August 2021:Both  Jabotinsky and  Ben-Gurion also wrote songs of praise to the Ottoman Empire, its tolerance toward ethnic minorities in general\u2014and to Jews in particular\u2014as well as to the democratic changes it was undergoing.\nFor more quotations using this term, see Citations:democratic."
          },
          {
            "mean": "Exhibiting social equality; egalitarian.\nAntonyms: nondemocratic, undemocratic\n1867 February,  the author of \u201cWatching and Waiting\u201d,  \u201cPauline\u201d, in T S Arthur and Virginia F Townsend, editor, Arthur\u2019s Home Magazine, volume XXIX, Philadelphia, Penn.: T. S. Arthur & Co., \u2192OCLC, chapter III (Pauline\u2019s First Experience in Boarding \u2019Round), page 109, column 1:\"Oh, I hold with the framers of the Constitution, that all men are created free and equal; likewise, all boys and girls,\" said democratic Kitty;  \n1910,  Emerson Hough,  \u201cThe Gateway, and Some Who Passed\u201d, in  The Purchase Price: Or The Cause of Compromise, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, \u2192OCLC, page 29:Carried somehow, somewhither, for some reason, on these surging floods, were these travelers,    Even such a boat as the Mount Vernon offered a total deck space so cramped as to leave secrecy or privacy well out of the question, even had the motley and democratic assemblage of passengers been disposed to accord either."
          },
          {
            "mean": "(US, politics) Alternative letter-case form of Democratic (\u201cof, pertaining to, or supporting the Democratic Party\u201d)\nMount Vernon is run by a strong democratic party organization."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "Noun",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "(chiefly in the plural, dated) Synonym of democrat (\u201ca supporter of democracy; an advocate of democratic politics (originally (historical) as opposed to the aristocrats in Revolutionary France)\u201d)\nSynonyms: (obsolete) democratical, democratist\n1692,  Gershom Bulkeley,  \u201cWill and Doom, or The Miseries of Connecticut by and under an Usurped and Arbitrary Power.\u00a0\u201d, in  Collections of the Connecticut Historical Society, volume III, Hartford, Conn.:     Society, published 1895, \u2192OCLC, page 195:This kingly government (as some call it) is a thing that our democraticks cannot brook: we are an undone people if we do not down with that.\n1760,  Delahay Gordon,  \u201cThe Life and Death of King Charles the First\u201d, in  A General History of the Lives, Trials, and Executions of All the Royal and Noble Personages, that have Suffered in Great-Britain and Ireland for High Treason, or Other Crimes, from the Accession of Henry VIII. to the Throne of England, down to the Present Time;\u00a0, volume III, London:    J. Burd,\u00a0, page 440:   Fairfax was made general of all the forces both in England and Ireland; and Rainsbrough , a leveller, and a violent head of the democraticks, high-admiral.\n1789 October 10,  \u201cParis\u201d, in I W von Archenholz, editor, The British Mercury, or Annals of History, Politics, Manners, Literature, Arts, etc. of the British Empire, volume XI, number 41, Hamburg:    B. C. Hoffman, \u2192OCLC, page 39:Several circum\u017ftances have concurred to confirm the belief that this wretched lunatick was the identical Marquis de Brunoy, who had been buried in the gloom of a pri\u017fon for nine years, whil\u017ft the world thought him dead. The mad democraticks began to \u017fpread reports that the Count de Provence was privy to this tran\u017faction; and that it was this Prince who had obtained the Lettre de Cachet, by virtue of which this wretched man had been \u017fo long deprived of the light of heaven.\n1811,  Aristotle,  \u201cThe Politics. Book V. Chapter VIII.\u201d, in Thomas Taylor, transl., The Great, and Eudemian, Ethics, the Politics, and Economics, of Aristotle.\u00a0, London:    Robert Wilks,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 412:For that equality among the multitude which democratics explore, is not only just among those of a similar rank but is advantageous.\n1881,  Plutarch,  \u201cLife of Lysander\u201d, in Aubrey Stewart and George Long, transl., Plutarch\u2019s Lives.\u00a0, volume II, London: George Bell and Sons,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 296:He  now destroyed the democratics and popular constitutions in all the Greek cities which had been subject to Athens, placing a Laced\u00e6monian in each as harmost or governor, with a council of ten archons under him, composed of men selected from the political clubs which he had established."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "References",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "^  \u201cdemocratic, adj. and n.\u201d, inOED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire Oxford University Press, March 2021; \u201cdemocratic, adj.\u201d, inLexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019\u20132022."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "Further_reading",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "democracy on  Wikipedia.Wikipedia \nDouglas Harper(2001\u20132023),\u201cdemocratic\u201d, inOnline Etymology Dictionary."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "meanskor": {
    "etymologies": [
      "From Middle French democratique (pertaining to democracy, democratic) (modern French d\u00e9mocratique), and its etymon Late Latin democraticus (pertaining to democracy, democratic; democrat), from Ancient Greek \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u03c4\u1fd0\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (d\u0113mokratik\u00f3s, of or for democracy; favouring or suited for democracy), from \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u03c4\u1fd0\u0301\u1fb1 (d\u0113mokrat\u00ed\u0101, democracy) + -\u1fd0\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 (-ik\u00f3s, \ud615\uc6a9\uc0ac\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c '\uad00\ub828\ub418\uac70\ub098'\uc758 \uc758\ubbf8\uac00 \uc788\ub294 \uc811\ubbf8\uc0ac).1 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u03c4\u1fd0\u0301\u1fb1 (D\u0113mokrat\u00ed\u0101) is derived from \u03b4\u1fc6\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 (d\u00eamos, the common people; free citizens, sovereign people; popular assembly; popular government, democracy) (ultimately from Proto-Indo-European deh\u2082- (to divide; to share)) + -\u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u03c4\u1fd0\u0301\u1fb1 (-krat\u00ed\u0101, suffix meaning \u2018government; rule\u2019) (from \u03ba\u03c1\u1fb0\u0301\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (kr\u00e1tos, might, strength; dominion, power) (ultimately \uc778\ub3c4\uc720\ub7fd\uc870\uc5b4 \ud06c\ub808\ud2b8\uc5b4(\uc778\uc0ac\uc774\ud2b8, \uc9c0\ub2a5, \ud798) + - \u0301\u1fb1\u1fd0(\uc774\uc544, \uc5ec\uc131\uc801 \ucd94\uc0c1\uba85\uc0ac\ub97c \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \uc811\ubbf8\uc0ac)\uc5d0\uc11c \uc654\ub2e4."
    ],
    "typelist": [
      {
        "name": "\ud615\uc6a9\uc0ac",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": ""
          },
          {
            "mean": "\uc0ac\ud68c\uc801 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc744 \ubcf4\uc5ec\uc8fc\ub294; \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc8fc\uc758\uc790.\n\ubc18\ub3d9\uc5b4: \ube44\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801, \ube44\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801\n1867\ub144 2\uc6d4, \uc800\uc790 \ud3f4\ub9b0, TS \uc544\uc11c\uc640 \ubc84\uc9c0\ub2c8\uc544 F \ud0c0\uc6b4\uc13c\ub4dc, \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790, \uc544\uc11c \ud648 \ub9e4\uac70\uc9c4, \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544, \uc81c29\uad8c: T.S. Arthur & Co., \u2192OCLC, \uc81c3\uc7a5 (\ud3f4\ub9b0\uc758 \uccab \ud0d1\uc2b9 \uacbd\ud5d8 '\ub77c\uc6b4\ub4dc'), 109\ucabd, 1\uc5f4: \"\uc624, \ub098\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc0ac\ub78c\uc740 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uace0 \ud3c9\ub4f1\ud558\uba70, \ub9c8\ucc2c\uac00\uc9c0\ub85c, \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc18c\ub144\uacfc \uc18c\ub140\ub3c4 \uc790\uc720\ub86d\uac8c \ud0dc\uc5b4\ub0ac\ub2e4\uace0 \uc0dd\uac01\ud55c\ub2e4\"\uace0 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801\uc778 \ud0a4\ud2f0\ub294 \ub9d0\ud588\ub2e4;  \n1910, \uc5d0\uba38\uc2a8 \ud5c8\ud504, \uad00\ubb38, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc9c0\ub098\uac04 \uc77c\ubd80, \uad6c\ub9e4 \uac00\uaca9: \uc544\ub2c8\uba74 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uc6d0\uc778\uc778\ub514\uc560\ub098\ud3f4\ub9ac\uc2a4\uc758 \uc57d\uc18d: Bobbs-Merrill Company, \u2192OCLC, 29\ud398\uc774\uc9c0: \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uc774\uc720\uc5d0\uc11c\uc778\uc9c0, \uc774 \uae09\uc99d\ud558\ub294 \ud64d\uc218 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uc774 \uc5ec\ud589\uc790\ub4e4\uc740 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c\ub4e0 \uc6b4\ubc18\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ubc84\ub17c \uc0b0\uacfc \uac19\uc740 \ubc30\ub294 \ube44\ubc00\uacfc \uc0ac\uc0dd\ud65c\uc744 \uc644\uc804\ud788 \ubc30\uc81c\ud560 \uc815\ub3c4\ub85c \ube44\uc881\uc740 \uac11\ud310 \uacf5\uac04\uc744 \uc81c\uacf5\ud588\ub2e4, \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \uc2b9\uac1d\ub4e4\uc758 \uc7a1\ub3d9\uc0ac\ub2c8\uc640 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc801\uc778 \uc9d1\ud68c\ub3c4 \ud569\uc758\ud558\ub3c4\ub85d \ubc30\uce58\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4."
          },
          {
            "mean": "(\ubbf8\uad6d, \uc815\uce58) \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9(\ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uacfc \uad00\ub828\ub418\uac70\ub098 \uc9c0\uc9c0\ud558\ub294)\uc758 \ub300\uccb4 \ud3b8\uc9c0-\uc0ac\ub840 \ud615\uc2dd\n\ubc84\ub17c \uc0b0\uc740 \uac15\ub825\ud55c \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9 \uc870\uc9c1\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \uc6b4\uc601\ub41c\ub2e4."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "\uba85\uc0ac",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "(\uc8fc\ub85c \ubcf5\uc218\ud615, \ub0a0\uc9dc \ud45c\uc2dc) \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\uc758 \ub3d9\uc758\uc5b4 (\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\uc790; \ud601\uba85 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uadc0\uc871\ub4e4\uacfc \ubc18\ub300\ub418\ub294 (\uc5ed\uc0ac\uc801\uc778) \ubbfc\uc8fc \uc815\uce58\uc758 \uc9c0\uc9c0\uc790)\n\ub3d9\uc758\uc5b4: (\uad6c\uc2dc\ub300\uc801\uc778) \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc790, \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\n1692, \uac70\uc12c \ubc8c\ud074\ub9ac, \uc70c \uc564 \ub460, \ub610\ub294 \ucc29\ucde8\ub418\uace0 \uc784\uc758\uc801\uc778 \uad8c\ub825 \uc544\ub798\uc758 \ucf54\ub124\ud2f0\ucef7\uc758 \ubbf8\uc2a4 \uc2dc\ub9ac\uc988., \ucf54\ub124\ud2f0\ucef7 \uc5ed\uc0ac \ud559\ud68c \ubaa8\uc74c\uc9d1, 3\uad8c, \ud558\ud2b8\ud3ec\ub4dc, \ucf54\ub124\ud2f0\ucef7:     \ud559\ud68c, 1895\ub144 \ucd9c\ud310, \u2192OCLC, 195\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\uc774 \uc655 \uac19\uc740 \uc815\ubd80\ub294 (\uc77c\ubd80\uc5d0\uc11c\ub294 \uadf8\ub807\uac8c \ubd80\ub978\ub2e4) \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc774 \ubc00\uc5b4\ub0bc \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4: \uc6b0\ub9ac\uac00 \uadf8\uac83\uc5d0 \ub3d9\uc758\ud558\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub294\ub2e4\uba74 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ubbf8\uc644\uc758 \uad6d\ubbfc\uc774\ub2e4.\n1760\ub144, \ub4e4\ub77c\ud5e4\uc774 \uace0\ub4e0, \"\uc601\uad6d\uacfc \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc5d0\uc11c \ud5e8\ub9ac 8\uc138\uc758 \uc989\uc704\ubd80\ud130 \ud604\uc7ac\uae4c\uc9c0\uc758 \uace0\uc5ed, \ub610\ub294 \ub2e4\ub978 \ubc94\uc8c4\ub85c \uace0\ud1b5\uc744 \ubc1b\uc558\ub358 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uc655\uc871\uacfc \uadc0\uc871\ub4e4\uc758 \uc0b6, \uc7ac\ud310, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ucc98\ud615\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc77c\ubc18\uc801\uc778 \uc5ed\uc0ac\"\uc5d0\uc11c, \ucc30\uc2a4 1\uc138\uc758 \uc0b6\uacfc \uc8fd\uc74c, \ub7f0\ub358: J. \ubc84\ub4dc, , 440\ud398\uc774\uc9c0: \ud398\uc5b4\ud329\uc2a4\ub294 \uc601\uad6d\uacfc \uc544\uc77c\ub79c\ub4dc\uc758 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uad70\ub300\ub97c \ud1b5\uc194\ud558\uac8c \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ud3c9\uc900\ud654\uc6d0\uc774\uc790 \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc758 \ud3ed\ub825\uc801\uc778 \uc218\uc7a5\uc778 \ub808\uc778\uc988\ube0c\ub7ec\ub294 \uace0\uc704 \uc81c\ub3c5\uc774 \ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\n1789\ub144 10\uc6d4 10\uc77c \ud30c\ub9ac, I W von Archenholz \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790, The British Mercury \ub610\ub294 \ub300\uc601\uc81c\uad6d\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac, \uc815\uce58, \ub9e4\ub108, \ubb38\ud559, \uc608\uc220 \uc5f0\ubcf4, 11\uad8c, 41\ud638, \ud568\ubd80\ub974\ud06c: B. C. \ud638\ud504\ub9cc, \u2192 OCLC, 39\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\uc774 \ube44\ucc38\ud55c \ub8e8\ub098\ud2f1\uc774 9\ub144 \ub3d9\uc548 \uac10\uc625\uc758 \uc5b4\ub460 \uc18d\uc5d0 \ubb3b\ud78c \ub3d9\uc77c\ud55c \ub4dc \ube0c\ub8e8\ub178\uc774 \ud6c4\uc791\uc774\ub77c\ub294 \ubbff\uc74c\uc744 \ud655\uc778\ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud574 \uc5ec\ub7ec \uc0c1\ud669\uc774 \ub3d9\uc2dc\uc5d0 \ubc1c\uc0dd\ud588\ub2e4. \ubbf8\uce5c \ubbfc\uc8fc\ub2f9\uc6d0\ub4e4\uc740 \ud504\ub85c\ubc29\uc2a4 \ubc31\uc791\uc774 \uc774 \uac70\ub798\uc5d0 \uad00\uc5ec\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \ubcf4\ub3c4\ub97c \ud37c\ub728\ub9ac\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc774 \ube44\ucc38\ud55c \ub0a8\uc790\uac00 \ud558\ub298\uc758 \ube5b\uc744 \ub108\ubb34 \uc624\ub7ab\ub3d9\uc548 \ube7c\uc557\uae34 \ub355\ubd84\uc5d0 \ub808\ud2b8\ub974 \ub4dc \uce74\uc170\ub97c \uc5bb\uc740 \uac83\uc774 \uc774 \uc655\uc790\uc600\ub2e4.\n1811\ub144, \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4, \uc815\uce58\ud559. 5\uad8c. \uc81c8\uc7a5, \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \ud14c\uc77c\ub7ec \ubc88\uc5ed. The Great, and Eudemian, \uc724\ub9ac, \uc815\uce58, \uacbd\uc81c, \uc544\ub9ac\uc2a4\ud1a0\ud154\ub808\uc2a4, \ub7f0\ub358: \ub85c\ubc84\ud2b8 \uc70c\ud06c\uc2a4, \u2192OCLC, 412\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uc774 \ud0d0\uad6c\ud558\ub294 \ub300\uc911\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc758 \ud3c9\ub4f1\uc744 \uc704\ud574, \ube44\uc2b7\ud55c \uacc4\uae09\uc758 \uc0ac\ub78c\ub4e4 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \uc788\uc744 \ubfd0\ub9cc \uc544\ub2c8\ub77c \uc720\ub9ac\ud558\ub2e4.\n1881\ub144, \ud50c\ub8e8\ud0c0\ub974\ucf54\uc2a4, \ub77c\uc774\uc0b0\ub354\uc758 \uc0b6, \uc624\ube0c\ub9ac \uc2a4\ud29c\uc5b4\ud2b8\uc640 \uc870\uc9c0 \ub871, \ubc88\uc5ed, \ud50c\ub8e8\ud0c0\ub974\ucf54\uc2a4\uc758 \uc0b6, \uc81c2\uad8c, \ub7f0\ub358: \uc870\uc9c0 \ubca8\uacfc \uc544\ub4e4\ub4e4, , \u2192OCLC, 296\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\uadf8\ub294 \uc774\uc81c \uc544\ud14c\ub124\uc758 \uc9c0\ubc30\ub97c \ubc1b\ub358 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uadf8\ub9ac\uc2a4 \ub3c4\uc2dc\uc758 \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758\uc790\ub4e4\uacfc \ub300\uc911 \ud5cc\ubc95\uc744 \ud30c\uad34\ud588\uace0, \uadf8 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0 \uc790\uc2e0\uc774 \uc124\ub9bd\ud55c \uc815\uce58 \ud074\ub7fd\uc5d0\uc11c \uc120\ubc1c\ub41c 10\uba85\uc758 \uc544\ucf58\ub4e4\ub85c \uad6c\uc131\ub41c \ud3c9\uc758\ud68c\uc640 \ud568\uaed8 \uac01\uac01 \ub77c\ucf00\ub370\ubaa8\ub2c8\uc548\uc744 \ud558\ubaa8\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub098 \ucd1d\ub3c5\uc73c\ub85c \uc784\uba85\ud588\ub2e4."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "\ucc38\uace0 \ubb38\ud5cc",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "^  OED \uc628\ub77c\uc778, \uc625\uc2a4\ud37c\ub4dc, \uc625\uc2a4\ud37c\ub4dc\uc154 \uc625\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub4dc \ub300\ud559 \ucd9c\ud310\ubd80, 2021\ub144 3\uc6d4; \ub809\uc2dc\ucf54, Dictionary.com ; \uc625\uc2a4\ud37c\ub4dc \ub300\ud559 \ucd9c\ud310\ubd80, 2019-2021."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "\ucd94\uac00_\ud310\ub3c5",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "\uc704\ud0a4\ud53c\ub514\uc544\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \ubbfc\uc8fc\uc8fc\uc758.\uc704\ud0a4\ubc31\uacfc \n\ub354\uae00\ub7ec\uc2a4 \ud558\ud37c(2001-2023), \ubbfc\uc8fc, \uc628\ub77c\uc778 \uc5b4\uc6d0 \uc0ac\uc804."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}