{ "dictype": "WikiDicScrap", "error": false, "code": 200, "json": { "type": "wiki", "pronunciations": { "phonetic": [ "daʊn" ], "listenurl": [ { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/down.ogg" }, { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/down.mp3" } ] }, "meansorg": { "etymologies": [ "From Middle English doun, from Old English dūne, aphetic form of adūne, from ofdūne (“off the hill”). For the development from directional phrases to prepositions, compare Middle Low German dāle (“(in/to the) valley”), i.e. \"down(wards)\".", "From Middle English doune, from Old English dūn, from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz, *dūnǭ (“sandhill, dune”), probably borrowed from Proto-Celtic *dūnom (“hill; hillfort”) (compare Welsh din (“hill”), Irish dún (“hill, fort”)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂- (“to finish, come full circle”). Cognate with West Frisian dún (“dune, sandhill”), Dutch duin (“dune, sandhill”), German Düne (“dune”). More at town; akin to dune. Doublet of Down.", "From Middle English doun, from Old Norse dúnn, from Proto-Germanic *dūnaz (“down”), which is related to *dauniz (“(pleasant) smell”), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰowh₂-nis, from the root *dʰewh₂-.\nCognate with Saterland Frisian Duune (“fluff, down”), German Daune (“down”) and Danish dun (“down”)." ], "typelist": [ { "name": "Adverb", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(comparable) From a higher position to a lower one; downwards.\nThe cat jumped down from the table." }, { "mean": "(comparable) At a lower or further place or position along a set path.\nHis place is farther down the road.\nThe company was well down the path to bankruptcy." }, { "mean": "As a down payment.\nYou can have it, no money down." }, { "mean": "On paper (or in a durable record).\nYou need to write down what happened while it's still fresh in your mind." }, { "mean": "To the south (as south is at the bottom of typical maps).\nI went down to Miami for a conference." }, { "mean": "Away from the city (regardless of direction).\nHe went down to Cavan.\ndown on the farm\ndown country" }, { "mean": "At or towards any place that is visualised as 'down' by virtue of local features or local convention, or arbitrarily, irrespective of direction or elevation change.\nShe lives down by the park." }, { "mean": "(sports) Towards the opponent's side (in ball-sports)." }, { "mean": "Into a state of non-operation.\nThe computer has been shut down.\nThey closed the shop down." }, { "mean": "To a subordinate or less prestigious position or rank.\nSmith was sent down to the minors to work on his batting.\nAfter the incident, Kelly went down to Second Lieutenant." }, { "mean": "(rail transport) In the direction leading away from the principal terminus, away from milepost zero." }, { "mean": "(sentence substitute, imperative) Get down.\nDown, boy! (such as to direct a dog to stand on four legs from two, or to sit from standing on four legs.)" }, { "mean": "(UK, academia, dated) Away from Oxford or Cambridge.\nHe's gone back down to Newcastle for Christmas." }, { "mean": "From a remoter or higher antiquity.\nThese traditions have been handed down over generations." }, { "mean": "So as to lessen quantity, level or intensity.\nYou need to tone down the rhetoric.\nPlease turn the music down!" }, { "mean": "So as to reduce size, weight or volume.\nTrim the stick down to a length of about twelve inches.\nThanks to my strict diet, I've slimmed down to eleven stone.\nBoil the mixture down to a syrupy consistency." }, { "mean": "From less to greater detail.\nThis spreadsheet lets you drill down to daily or even hourly sales figures." }, { "mean": "So as to secure or compress something to the floor, ground, or other (usually horizontal) surface.\nWe need to nail down this carpet so people don't keep tripping over it." }, { "mean": "Used with verbs to indicate that the action of the verb was carried to some state of completion, permanence, or success rather than being of indefinite duration.\nHe closed operations. / He closed down operations.\nHe chased answers. / He chased down answers." }, { "mean": "Forward, straight ahead.\nAt the first intersection turn left and walk down, then turn right." } ] }, { "name": "Preposition", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "From the higher end to the lower of.\nThe ball rolled down the hill." }, { "mean": "From north to south of.\nWe sailed down the eastern seaboard." }, { "mean": "From one end to another of (in any direction); along.\nThe bus went down the street.\nThey walked down the beach holding hands." }, { "mean": "(colloquial) At (a given place that is seen as removed from one's present location or other point of reference).\nI'll see you later down the pub." } ] }, { "name": "Adjective", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "Facing downwards.\nTurn the cloth over so that the patterned side is down." }, { "mean": "At a lower level than before.\nThe stock market is down.\nPrices are down." }, { "mean": "(informal) Sad, unhappy, depressed, feeling low.\nMary seems very down since she split up with her boyfriend." }, { "mean": "Sick, wounded, or damaged:", "submean": [ "(normally in the combination 'down with') Sick or ill.\nHe is down with the flu.", "(not comparable, military, law enforcement, slang, of a person) Wounded and unable to move normally, or killed.\nWe have an officer down outside the suspect's house.\nThere are three soldiers down and one walking wounded.", "(not comparable, military, aviation, slang, of an aircraft) Mechanically failed, collided, shot down, or otherwise suddenly unable to fly.\nWe have a chopper down near the river.", "(not comparable) Inoperable; out of order; out of service.\nThe system is down." ] }, { "mean": "Having a lower score than an opponent.\nThey are down by 3–0 with just 5 minutes to play.\nHe was down by a bishop and a pawn after 15 moves.\nAt 5–1 down, she produced a great comeback to win the set on a tiebreak." }, { "mean": "(baseball, cricket, colloquial, following the noun modified) Out.\nTwo down and one to go in the bottom of the ninth." }, { "mean": "(colloquial, with \"on\") Negative about; hostile to.\nEver since Carter, I've been down on Democrats." }, { "mean": "(Canada, US, slang) Comfortable with, accepting of.\nHe's chill enough; he'd probably be totally down with it.\nAre you down to hang out at the mall, Jamal?\nAs long as you're down with helping me pick a phone, Tyrone." }, { "mean": "(African-American Vernacular, slang) Accepted, respected, or loyally participating in the (thug) community.\n\nWhat you mean, 'No'? Man, I thought you was down." }, { "mean": "Finished (of a task); defeated or dealt with (of an opponent or obstacle); elapsed (of time). Often coupled with to go (remaining).\nTwo down and three to go.\nTen minutes down and nothing's happened yet." }, { "mean": "Thoroughly practiced, learned or memorised; mastered. (Compare down pat.)\nIt's two weeks until opening night and our lines are still not down yet." }, { "mean": "(obsolete) Downright; absolute; positive." }, { "mean": "(of a tree, limb, etc) Fallen or felled." } ] }, { "name": "Verb", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(transitive) To knock (someone or something) down; to cause to come down; to fell. \nThe storm downed several old trees along the highway.\nA single rifle shot downed the mighty beast.", "submean": [ "(transitive) Specifically, to cause (something in the air) to fall to the ground; to bring down (with a missile etc.). \nThe helicopter was downed by a surface-to-air missile." ] }, { "mean": "(transitive) To lower; to put (something) down. \nThe bell rang for lunch, and the workers downed their tools." }, { "mean": "(transitive, figurative) To defeat; to overpower." }, { "mean": "(transitive, colloquial) To disparage; to put down." }, { "mean": "(intransitive, rare or obsolete) To go or come down; to descend." }, { "mean": "(transitive, colloquial) To drink or swallow, especially without stopping before the vessel containing the liquid is empty. \nHe downed an ale and ordered another." }, { "mean": "(transitive, American football, Canadian football) To render (the ball) dead, typically by touching the ground while in possession. \nHe downed it at the seven-yard line." }, { "mean": "(transitive, golf, pocket billiards) To sink (a ball) into a hole or pocket. \nHe downed two balls on the break." } ] }, { "name": "Noun", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "A negative aspect; a downer, a downside.\nI love almost everything about my job. The only down is that I can't take Saturdays off." }, { "mean": "(dated) A grudge (on someone)." }, { "mean": "An act of swallowing an entire drink at once." }, { "mean": "(American football) A single play, from the time the ball is snapped (the start) to the time the whistle is blown (the end) when the ball is down, or is downed.\nI bet after the third down, the kicker will replace the quarterback on the field." }, { "mean": "(crosswords) A clue whose solution runs vertically in the grid.\nI haven't solved 12 or 13 across, but I've got most of the downs." }, { "mean": "A downstairs room of a two-story house.\nShe lives in a two-up two-down." }, { "mean": "Down payment." }, { "mean": "The lightest quark with a charge number of −1⁄3." } ] }, { "name": "References", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "Andrea Tyler and Vyvyan Evans, \"Spatial particles of orientation\", in The Semantics of English Prepositions: Spatial Scenes, Embodied Meaning and Cognition, Cambridge University Press, 2003, 0-521-81430 8" } ] }, { "name": "Noun_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(especially southern England) A hill, especially a chalk hill; rolling grassland\nWe went for a walk over the downs.\nThe North Downs are a ridge of chalk hills in south east England." }, { "mean": "(usually in the plural) A field, especially one used for horse racing." }, { "mean": "(UK, chiefly in the plural) A tract of poor, sandy, undulating or hilly land near the sea, covered with fine turf which serves chiefly for the grazing of sheep." } ] }, { "name": "Noun_3", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds. Used as insulating material in duvets, sleeping bags and jackets." }, { "mean": "(botany) The pubescence of plants; the hairy crown or envelope of the seeds of certain plants, such as the thistle." }, { "mean": "The soft hair of the face when beginning to appear." }, { "mean": "That which is made of down, as a bed or pillow; that which affords ease and repose, like a bed of down." } ] }, { "name": "Verb_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(transitive) To cover, ornament, line, or stuff with down.\n1742, Edward Young, The Complaint: or, Night-thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality, London: R. Dodsley, →OCLC, page 264:What pain to quit the world, just made their own, Their nest so deeply downed, and built so high !" } ] }, { "name": "Further_reading", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "Kroonen, Guus(2013),“dauna-”, inEtymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic(Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11), Leiden, Boston Brill, →ISBN, page 90" } ] } ] }, "meanskor": { "etymologies": [ "", "", "" ], "typelist": [ { "name": "부사.", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "전치사", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "형용사", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "", "", "" ] }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "동사.", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "", "submean": [ "" ] }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "명사", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "레퍼런스", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "명사_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "명사_3", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "동사_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "추가_판독", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] } ] }, "synonyms": { "org": [ "(drink): See also Thesaurus:drink" ], "kor": [ "" ] } } }