{ "dictype": "WikiDicScrap", "error": false, "code": 200, "json": { "type": "wiki", "pronunciations": { "phonetic": [ "hɑrd" ], "listenurl": [ { "lang": "Audio (southern England)", "url": "" }, { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "E:\\04_Source\\Private\\Source\\Web\\99_Test\\BackEnd\\PythonTest01/dic/audio/us/hard.ogg" }, { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/hard.mp3" } ] }, "meansorg": { "etymologies": [ "From Middle English hard, from Old English heard, from Proto-West Germanic *hard(ī), from Proto-Germanic *harduz, from Proto-Indo-European *kort-ús, from *kret- (“strong, powerful”). Cognate with German hart, Swedish hård, Ancient Greek κρατύς (kratús), Sanskrit क्रतु (krátu), Avestan 𐬑𐬭𐬀𐬙𐬎 (xratu)." ], "typelist": [ { "name": "Adjective", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(of material or fluid) Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.", "submean": [ "Resistant to pressure.\nThis bread is so stale and hard, I can barely cut it.", "(of drink or drugs) Strong.", "(of a normally nonalcoholic drink) Containing alcohol.\nhard cider, hard lemonade, hard seltzer, hard soda", "(of water) High in dissolved chemical salts, especially those of calcium.", "(physics, of a ferromagnetic material) Having the capability of being a permanent magnet by being a material with high magnetic coercivity (compare soft).", "(physics, of electromagnetic radiation) Having a high energy (high frequency; short wavelength).\nhard X-rays", "(photography, of light) Made up of parallel rays, producing clearly defined shadows." ] }, { "mean": "(personal or social) Having a severe property; presenting difficulty.", "submean": [ "Difficult or requiring a lot of effort to do, understand, experience, or deal with.\na hard problem;  a hard question;  a hard topic\n1988, An Oracle, Edmund White\nRay found it hard to imagine having accumulated so many mannerisms before the dawn of sex, of the sexual need to please, of the staginess sex encourages or the tightly capped wells of poisoned sexual desire the disappointed must stand guard over.\n2013 July 26, Nick Miroff, “Mexico gets a taste for eating insects …”, in The Guardian Weekly, volume 189, number 7, page 32:The San Juan market is Mexico City's most famous deli of exotic meats, where an adventurous shopper can hunt down hard-to-find critters such as ostrich, wild boar and crocodile.", "Demanding a lot of effort to endure.\na hard life", "", " Severe, harsh, unfriendly, brutal.\na hard master;  a hard heart;  hard words;  a hard character\nThe senator asked the party chief to put the hard word on his potential rivals.\n1730, Henry Fielding, Rape upon Rape, Act 4, Scene 7:\nLeave off fornicating; leave the girls to the boys, and stand to thy bottle; it is a virtue becoming our years; and don’t be too hard on a wild honest young rake.", "(dated) Difficult to resist or control; powerful.\n1692, Roger L’Estrange, “ (please specify the fable number.) (please specify the name of the fable.)”, in Fables, of Æsop and Other Eminent Mythologists: , London: R Sare, , →OCLC:The stag was too hard for the horse.\n1716 March 23 (Gregorian calendar)​, Joseph Addison, “The Free-holder: No. 24. Monday, March 12. ”, in The Works of the Right Honourable Joseph Addison, Esq; , volume IV, London: Jacob Tonson, , published 1721, →OCLC:a power which will be always too hard for them", "(military) Hardened; having unusually strong defences.\na hard site", "(slang) Tough and muscular.\nHe thinks he's well hard." ] }, { "mean": "Unquestionable, unequivocal.\nhard evidence;  a hard requirement\n1796, The History of the Trial of Warren Hastings‎: for, unless supported by hard facts, abusive words would recoil on him who used them, and would pass like empty air over the head of an innocent man.\n1962, The Selling Power of a Woman‎:Here are a few techniques to turn a hard \"no\" into an easy \"yes\"!\n2011 December 19, Kerry Brown, “Kim Jong-il obituary”, in The Guardian:Unsurprisingly for a man who went into mourning for three years after the death in 1994 of his own father, the legendary leader Kim Il-sung, and who in the first 30 years of his political career made no public statements, even to his own people, Kim's career is riddled with claims, counter claims, speculation, and contradiction. There are few hard facts about his birth and early years." }, { "mean": "(of a road intersection) Having a comparatively larger or a ninety-degree angle.\nAt the intersection, there are two roads going to the left. Take the hard left." }, { "mean": "(slang, vulgar, of a male) Sexually aroused; having an erect penis.\nI got so hard watching two hot girls wrestle each other on the beach." }, { "mean": "(bodybuilding) Having muscles that are tightened as a result of intense, regular exercise." }, { "mean": "(phonetics, not comparable) Fortis.", "submean": [ "Plosive.\nThere is a hard c in \"clock\" and a soft c in \"centre\".", "Unvoiced.\nHard k, t, s, ch, as distinguished from soft, g, d, z, j." ] }, { "mean": "(Slavic phonology) Velarized or plain, rather than palatalized.\nThe letter ж (ž) in Russian is always hard." }, { "mean": "(art) Having a severe property; presenting a barrier to enjoyment.", "submean": [ "Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures; formal; lacking grace of composition.", "Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in colour or shading." ] }, { "mean": "(not comparable)", "submean": [ "In a physical form, not digital.\na soft or hard copy; a digital or hard archive", "Using a manual or physical process, not by means of a software command.\na hard reboot or reset" ] }, { "mean": "(politics) Far, extreme.\nhard right, hard left" }, { "mean": "Of silk: not having had the natural gum boiled off." }, { "mean": "(finance) Of a market: having more demand than supply; being a seller's market.\nAntonym: soft\n2009, J. David Cummins, Olivier Mahul, Catastrophe Risk Financing in Developing Countries (page 7)\nUndercapitalized insurers cannot retain more catastrophe risks when the market is hard" }, { "mean": "(of pornography) hardcore" } ] }, { "name": "Adverb", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(manner) With much force or effort.\nHe hit the puck hard up the ice.\nThey worked hard all week.\nAt the intersection, bear hard left.\nThe recession hit them especially hard.\nThink hard about your choices.\nThe couple were fucking each other hard.\n1610–1611 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tempest”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies  (First Folio), London: Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, : My father / Is hard at study. Pray now, rest yourself;\n1700, Dryden, “The Wife of Bath's Tale”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; , London: Jacob Tonson, , →OCLC:\nprayed so hard for mercy from the prince\n1887, Harriet W. Daly, Digging, Squatting, and Pioneering Life in the Northern Territory of South Australia, page 164:I played hard, I drank hard, I rode hard, and did everything much on the same pattern.\n1985, Michael A. Arbib, In search of the person: philosophical explorations in cognitive science, page 119:What, then, of the voluntarist's sense that one often has to think long and hard before making agonizing choices?" }, { "mean": "(manner) With difficulty.\nHis degree was hard earned." }, { "mean": "(obsolete) So as to raise difficulties.\n1650, Thomas Browne, Pseudodoxia Epidemica: , 2nd edition, London: A Miller, for Edw Dod and Nath Ekins, , →OCLC:The question is hard set." }, { "mean": "(manner) Compactly.\nThe lake had finally frozen hard." }, { "mean": "(now archaic) Near, close.\nc. 1587–1588, , Tamburlaine the Great. The First Part , part 1, 2nd edition, London: Richard Iones, , published 1592, →OCLC; reprinted as Tamburlaine the Great (A Scolar Press Facsimile), Menston, Yorkshire; London: Scolar Press, 1973, →ISBN, Act II, scene iii:The King your brother is now hard at hand,Meete with the foole, and rid your royall ſhouldersOf ſuch a burden, as outweighs the ſandsAnd all the craggie rockes of Caſpea.\n1611, The Holy Bible,  (King James Version), London: Robert Barker, , →OCLC, Acts 18:7:\n whose house joined hard to the synagogue.\n1999, George R.R. Martin, A Clash of Kings, Bantam 2011, page 418:\nIt was another long day's march before they glimpsed the towers of Harrenhal in the distance, hard beside the blue waters of the lake." } ] }, { "name": "Noun", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(countable, nautical) A firm or paved beach or slope convenient for hauling vessels out of the water.\n1952, Edward John Barrington Douglas-Scott-Montagu Baron Montagu, Beaulieu, the Abbey, Palace House, and Buckler's Hard (page 36)\nThe Monastery's ironworks at Sowley were renowned for centuries but declined with the passing of the 'wooden walls' at Buckler's Hard — a great number of these ships having been built with timber from the Beaulieu Woods" }, { "mean": "(countable, motorsports) A tyre whose compound is softer than superhards, and harder than mediums." }, { "mean": "(uncountable, drugs, slang) Crack cocaine." }, { "mean": "(uncountable, slang) Hard labor.\nThe prisoners were sentenced to three years' hard." } ] } ] }, "meanskor": { "etymologies": [ "" ], "typelist": [ { "name": "형용사", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }, { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "", "", "", "", "", "" ] }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "" ] }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "" ] }, { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "" ] }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "부사.", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "명사", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] } ] } } }