{
  "type": "wiki",
  "pronunciations": {
    "phonetic": [
      "n\u0259rv"
    ],
    "listenurl": [
      {
        "lang": "Audio (US)",
        "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/nerve.ogg"
      },
      {
        "lang": "Audio (US)",
        "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/nerve.mp3"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meansorg": {
    "etymologies": [
      "Recorded since circa 1374 as Middle English nerve, from Medieval Latin nervus (\u201cnerve\u201d), from Latin nervus (\u201csinew\u201d). Doublet of neuron and sinew."
    ],
    "typelist": [
      {
        "name": "Noun",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "nerve (plural nerves)\n\n A bundle of neurons with their connective tissue sheaths, blood vessels and lymphatics.\nHyponyms: see Thesaurus:nerve\nThe nerves can be seen through the skin.\n (nonstandard,colloquial) A neuron.\n (botany) A vein in a leaf; a grain in wood.\nSome plants have ornamental value because of their contrasting nerves.\n Courage; boldness; audacity; gall.\nSynonyms: brashness, brazenness, balls; see also Thesaurus:courage\nHe had the nerve to enter my house uninvited.\nHe hasn't the nerve to tell her he likes her.\n1960,  Pelham Grenville Wodehouse,  chapter XVIII, in  Jeeves in the Offing, London Herbert Jenkins, \u2192OCLC:\u201cOh\u201d she said. \u201cSo you have decided to revise my guest list for me You have the nerve, the \u2013 the \u2013\u201d I saw she needed helping out. \u201cAudacity,\u201d I said, throwing her the line. \u201cThe audacity to dictate to me who I shall have in my house.\u201d It should have been \u201cwhom\u201d, but I let it go. \u201cYou have the \u2013\u201d \u201cCrust.\u201d \u201c\u2013 the immortal rind,\u201d she amended, and I had to admit it was stronger, \u201cto tell me whom\u201d \u2013 she got it right that time \u2013 \u201cI may entertain at Brinkley Court and who\u201d \u2013 wrong again \u2013 \u201cI may not.\u201d\n1965,  Bob Dylan (lyrics and music),  \u201cPositively 4th Street\u201d:You got a lot of nerve  To say you are my friend  When I was down  You just stood there grinning\n2013 November 26,  Daniel Taylor,  The Guardian:A trip to the whistling, fire-cracking Stadio San Paolo is always a test of nerve but Wenger's men have already outplayed the Italians once.\n2021 September 2,  Phil McNulty,  \u201cHungary 0-4 England\u201d, in  BBC:Southgate's side kept their nerve and discipline in the unsettling, intimidating surroundings of Budapest, with the behaviour of Hungary's fans leaving much to be desired, to turn up the heat and punish their opponents ruthlessly once they had gone ahead.\n Patience; stamina; endurance, fortitude.\nThe web-team found git-sed is really a time and nerve saver when doing mass changes on your repositories\n1671,  John Milton,  \u201cSamson Agonistes,\u201d, in  Paradise Regain\u2019d. A Poem. In IV Books. To which is Added, Samson Agonistes, London  J. M for John Starkey, \u2192OCLC, lines 639\u2013640, pages 42\u201343:He led me on to mightiest deeds,  Above the nerve of mortal arm.\n (in the plural) One's neural structures considered collectively as, and conceptually equated with, one's psyche.\nAll these rationalizations for asinine behavior are getting on my nerves.\nHis nerves could no longer handle the worry.\n (in the plural) Mental agitation caused by fear, stress or other negative emotions.\n1997,  Harvey Danger (lyrics and music),  \u201cFlagpole Sitta\u201d, in  Where Have All the Merrymakers Gone:Put me in the hospital for nerves and then they had to commit me\nEllie had a bad case of nerves before the big test she was a bundle of nerves.\n(polymer technology) The elastic resistance of raw rubber or other polymers to permanent deformation during processing.\n1959, Newell A Perry, Eric O Ridgway, US patent US2870103 A\nThe nerviness (ability to recover quickly from strain or stretching) ... generally requires it to be broken down or masticated on the mill before the other compounding ingredients are added. In the break-down operation, heat is inherently generated by the sheer action of the milling or mixing equipment on the polymer. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain the desired low temperatures during the milling or mixing... An object of this invention is to reduce the inherent nerve of ... polymers ... during break-down.\n (obsolete) Sinew, tendon.\n1610\u20131611 (date written),  William Shakespeare,  \u201cThe Tempest\u201d, in  Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories,  Tragedies (First Folio), London  Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, \u2192OCLC, Act I, scene ii:Come on obey  Thy nerves are in their infancy again,  And have no vigour in them.\n1725,  Homer,  \u201cBook X\u201d, in Alexander Pope, transl., The Odyssey of Homer., volume III, London  Bernard Lintot, \u2192OCLC:Whilst thus their fury rages at the bay, My sword our cables cut, I call'd to weigh,And charg'd my men, as they from fate would fly,Each nerve to strain, each bending oar to ply.\nDerived terms\nTerms derived from the noun nerveabducens nerveabducent nerveaccessory nervealveolar nerveauditory nerveauriculotemporal nervebundle of nervescavernous nervecervical nerveciliary nervecochlear nervecranial nervedeep petrosal nervedeep temporal nerveeighth cranial nerveeighth nervefacial nervefifth cranial nervefifth nervefreshman's nervefrontal nerveget on somebody's nerves/get on one's nervesget on someone's last nerveglossopalatine nerveglossopharyngeal nervegreater occipital nervegreater petrosal nervehit a nervehit a raw nervehold one's nervehypoglossal nerveinferior alveolar nerveinferior laryngeal nerveinfraorbital nerveintermediate nerveischiatic nerveJacobson nervelacrimal nervelaryngeal nervelateral pectoral nervelateral pterygoid nervelesser occipital nervelesser petrosal nervelingual nervelong ciliary nervelose one's nervemandibular nervemaxillary nervemedial pterygoid nervemedian nervemental nervemotor nervenasal nervenasociliary nervenasopalatine nervenervationnerve agentnerve cellnerve centernerve centrenerve cordnerve endingnerve fiber, nerve fibrenerve gasnerve growth factornerve impulsenerve-janglingnervelessnerve netnerve of the pterygoid canalnerve of Wrisbergnerve racknerve-racknerve-rackednerve-rackingnerve-rackinglynerve-shreddernerve-shreddingnerves of steelnerve trunknerve-wracknerve wracknerve-wrackednerve-wrackingnerve-wrecknervi-, nervo-nervyoccipital nerveoculomotor nerveolfactory nerveophthalmic nerveoptic nervepalatine nervepathetic nervepetrosal nervephrenic nervepneumogastric nervepterygoid nerveradial nerverecurrent laryngeal nervesaphenous nervesciatic nerveshort ciliary nervespinal nervestrain every nervestrike a nervesuperior alveolar nervesuperior laryngeal nervesupraclavicular nervesupraorbital nervesupratrochlear nervetenth cranial nervethe nerve oftouch a nervetouch a raw nervetrigeminal nervetrochlear nervetympanic nerveunnervedvagus nerveventral nerve cordvestibular nervevestibulocochlear nerveVidian nervewar of nerveszygomatic nervezygomaticofacial nervezygomaticotemporal nerve\nRelated terms\n\nTerms etymologically related to \"nerve\"\n\nenervate\nneuron\nnervous\nnervure\n\nTranslations\nbundle of neurons\nAlbanian: nerv(sq)m\nArabic: \u0639\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0628(ar)m (\u0295a\u1e63ab)\nEgyptian Arabic: \u0639\u0635\u0628m (\u0295a\u1e63ab)\nArmenian: \u0576\u0575\u0561\u0580\u0564(hy) (nyard), \u057b\u056b\u0572(hy) (\u01f0i\u0142)\nAssamese: \u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1 (snayu)\nAsturian: nerviu(ast)m\nAzerbaijani: \u0259s\u0259b(az), sinir(az)\nBasque: nerbio, zain(eu)\nBelarusian: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432m (njerv), \u043d\u044d\u0440\u0432m (nerv), \u043d\u044d\u0301\u0440\u0432\u0430f (n\u00e9rva)\nBengali: \u09b8\u09cd\u09a8\u09be\u09af\u09bc\u09c1(bn) (sna\u1e8fu)\nBulgarian: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432(bg)m (nerv)\nBurmese: \u1021\u102c\u101b\u102f\u1036\u1000\u103c\u1031\u102c(my) (arumkrau)\nCatalan: nervi(ca)m\nChinese:\nMandarin: \u795e\u7d93\uff0f\u795e\u7ecf(zh) (sh\u00e9nj\u012bng)\nCzech: nerv(cs)m\nDanish: nervec\nDutch: zenuw(nl)f, neuronenbundel\nElfdalian: nerff\nEsperanto: nervo(eo)\nEstonian: n\u00e4rv\nFaroese: nervf, nervaf\nFinnish: hermo(fi)\nFrench: nerf(fr)m\nOld French: nerfm\nGalician: nervio(gl)m\nGeorgian: \u10dc\u10d4\u10e0\u10d5\u10d8 (nervi)\nGerman: Nerv(de)m\nGreek: \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf(el)n (n\u00e9vro)\nAncient: \u03bd\u03b5\u1fe6\u03c1\u03bf\u03bdn (ne\u00fbron)\nGreenlandic: sianiut\nGujarati: \u0a9a\u0ac7\u0aa4\u0abe\u0aa4\u0a82\u0aa4\u0ac1 (cet\u0101tantu), \u0a9c\u0acd\u0a9e\u0abe\u0aa8\u0aa4\u0a82\u0aa4\u0ac1(gu) (j\u00f1\u0101ntantu)\nHaitian Creole: n\u00e8\nHebrew: \u05e2\u05b8\u05e6\u05b8\u05d1(he)m ('atz\u00e1v)\nHindi: \u0928\u0938(hi)f (nas), \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915\u093e (tantrik\u0101)\nHungarian: ideg(hu)\nIcelandic: taug(is)f\nIndonesian: saraf(id)\nIrish: n\u00e9ar\u00f3gf\nItalian: nervo(it)m\nJapanese: \u795e\u7d4c(ja) (\u3057\u3093\u3051\u3044, shinkei)\nJavanese: urat\nKazakh: \u0436\u04af\u0439\u043a\u0435 (j\u00fcike)\nKhmer: \u1794\u17d2\u179a\u179f\u17b6\u1791(km) (pr\u0251saat), \u179f\u179a\u179f\u17c3(km) (s\u0251\u0251 say)\nKorean: \uc2e0\uacbd(\u795e\u7d93)(ko) (sin'gyeong)\nKurdish:\nNorthern Kurdish: demar(ku)f\nKyrgyz: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432 (nerv)\nLao: \u0ec0\u0eaa\u0eb1\u0ec9\u0e99\u0e9b\u0eb0\u0eaa\u0eb2\u0e94(lo) (sen pa s\u0101t), \u0e9b\u0eb0\u0eaa\u0eb2\u0e94 (pa s\u0101t)\nLatin: nervusm\nLatvian: nervsm\nLithuanian: nervasm\nLow German: Nervm\nLuxembourgish: Nervm\nMacedonian: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432m (nerv)\nMalay: saraf(ms)\nMaltese: nervm\nMaori: io(mi), akaaka\nMiddle English: nerve\nMongolian:\nCyrillic: \u043c\u044d\u0434\u0440\u044d\u043b(mn) (medrel), \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432 (nerv)\nNavajo: ats\u02bcoos\nNorthern Sami: nearva\nNorwegian:\nBokm\u00e5l: nervem\nNynorsk: nervem\nOld English: wealdweaxam\nOttoman Turkish: \u0633\u06ad\u06cc\u0631 (si\u00f1ir)\nPashto: \u0639\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0628m ('asab)\nPersian: \u0639\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0628(fa) ('asab)\nPiedmontese: nervm\nPlautdietsch: Narff\nPolish: nerw(pl)m\nPortuguese: nervo(pt)\nRomanian: nerv(ro)m\nRomansch: gnervm\nRussian: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432(ru)m (nerv)\nSanskrit: \u0928\u093e\u0921\u0940(sa)f (n\u0101\u1e0d\u012b), \u0938\u094d\u0928\u093e\u092f\u0941(sa)f or n (sn\u0101yu)\nSantali: \u1c65\u1c64\u1c68 (sir)\nSerbo-Croatian:\nCyrillic: \u0436\u045d\u0432\u0430\u0446m, \u043d\u0435\u030f\u0440\u0432m\nRoman: \u017e\u00ecvac(sh)m, n\u0205rv(sh)m\nSlovak: nervm\nSlovene: \u017eivec(sl)m\nSorbian:\nUpper Sorbian: nerwm\nSpanish: nervio(es)m\nSwahili: neva\nSwedish: nerv(sv)c\nTagalog: dagandam, nerbiyos, nerbyos\nTajik: \u0430\u0441\u0430\u0431 (asab)\nTamil: \u0ba8\u0bb0\u0bae\u0bcd\u0baa\u0bc1(ta) (narampu)\nTatar: \u0441\u0435\u04a3\u0435\u0440(tt) (se\u00f1er)\nTelugu: \u0c28\u0c30\u0c2e\u0c41(te) (naramu)\nThai: \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e17(th) (s\u00ean-bpr\u00e0-s\u00e0at), \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e17(th) (bpr\u00e0-s\u00e0at)\nTurkish: sinir(tr)\nTurkmen: nerv\nUkrainian: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432m (nerv)\nUrdu: \u0639\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0628 ('asab)\nUyghur: \u0646\u06d0\u0631\u06cb\u0627 (n\u00ebrwa)\nUzbek: asab(uz), nerv(uz)\nVietnamese: th\u1ea7n kinh(vi) (\u795e\u7d93)\nVolap\u00fck: nev(vo)\nWelsh: nerfm\nYiddish: \u05e0\u05e2\u05e8\u05d5\u05d5m (nerv)\n\ncolloquial: neuron\nCatalan: nervi(ca)m\nDutch: zenuw(nl)f, zenuwknoop(nl), neuron(nl)\nFinnish: hermo(fi)\nGerman: Nerv(de)m\nRussian: \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432(ru)m (nerv)\nSwedish: nerv(sv)c\n\nbotany: vein; grain in wood\nBulgarian: \u0436\u0438\u0301\u043b\u043a\u0430(bg)f (\u017e\u00edlka)\nDutch: nerf(nl)m or f\nFinnish: lehtiruoti(fi) (vein in leaf)\nFrench: nervure(fr)\nItalian: nervo(it)m, nervatura(it)f\nPolish: \u017cy\u0142ka(pl)f\nPortuguese: nervuraf\nRomanian: nervur\u0103(ro)f\nSwedish: \u00e5dra(sv)c\n\ncourage, boldness\nArmenian: \u0584\u0561\u057b\u0578\u0582\u0569\u0575\u0578\u0582\u0576(hy) (k\u02bfa\u01f0ut\u02bfyun)\nDutch: durf(nl)f, moed(nl), lef(nl)n, stalen zenuwenpl\nFinnish: rohkeus(fi) (courage); r\u00f6yhkeys(fi) (boldness)\nGerman: Nerv(de)m\nItalian: coraggio(it)m\nPolish: odwaga(pl)f\nRomanian: curaj(ro)n\nRussian: \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0301\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c(ru)f (sm\u00e9lost\u02b9), \u043c\u0443\u0301\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e(ru)n (m\u00fa\u017eestvo)\nSpanish: coraje(es)m\nTagalog: kagitingan, kompiyansa, lakas ng loob(tl), tapang\nYiddish: \u05d7\u05d5\u05e6\u05e4\u05bc\u05d4f (khutspe)\n\naudacity\nBulgarian: \u0434\u044a\u0301\u0440\u0437\u043e\u0441\u0442(bg)f (d\u01ce\u0301rzost)\nCatalan: barra(ca)f\nFinnish: r\u00f6yhkeys(fi), otsa(fi)\nFrench: toupet(fr)m, culot(fr)m, cran(fr)m\nHungarian: pofa(hu)\nItalian: faccia tosta(it)f, sfacciataggine(it)f\nPolish: czelno\u015b\u0107(pl)f, tupet(pl)m, zuchwalstwo(pl)n, bezczelno\u015b\u0107(pl)f, czelno\u015b\u0107(pl)f\nRomanian: tupeu(ro)n, insolen\u021b\u0103(ro)f, neru\u0219inare(ro)f\nRussian: \u043d\u0430\u0301\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c(ru)f (n\u00e1glost\u02b9)\nSpanish: descaro(es)m, frescura(es)f\nTagalog: kapal ng mukha, kapal, karahasan, kapangahasan\n\npatience\nBulgarian: \u0445\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044a\u0301\u0432\u0438\u0435(bg)n (hladnokr\u01ce\u0301vie)\nDutch: geduld(nl)n, sterke zenuwenpl\nFinnish: hermot(fi)pl, k\u00e4rsiv\u00e4llisyys(fi)\nGerman: Nerv(de)m\nHungarian: t\u00fcrelem(hu)\nItalian: pazienza(it)\nRomanian: r\u0103bdare(ro)f\nRussian: \u0432\u044b\u0301\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430(ru)f (v\u00fdder\u017eka), \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u0301\u043d\u0438\u0435(ru)n (terp\u00e9nije)\nSwedish: nerver(sv)cpl, t\u00e5lamod(sv)c\n\nstamina\nDutch: verduldigheid, geduld(nl)n, uithoudingsvermogen(nl)n\nFinnish: hermot(fi)pl, sisu(fi)\nFrench: nerf(fr)m\nGerman: Nerv(de)m\nHungarian: \u00e1ll\u00f3k\u00e9pess\u00e9g(hu)\nRomanian: putere(ro)f, rezisten\u021b\u0103(ro)f\nSwedish: uth\u00e5llighet(sv)c, staminac\n\nneural structures considered collectively, and conceptually equated with, one's psyche\nFinnish: hermot(fi)pl\n\nmental agitation caused by a negative emotion\nCatalan: nervis(ca)mpl\nFinnish: hermot(fi)pl, hermostuneisuus(fi)\nHebrew: \u05e2\u05b2\u05e6\u05b7\u05d1\u05b4\u05bc\u05d9\u05ddmpl ('atzab\u00edm)\nItalian: nervi(it)m\nPolish: nerwy(pl)pl\nRomanian: nervipl\nSpanish: nervios(es)mpl\nSwedish: nervig(sv)c\nTagalog: nerbiyos, nerbyos\n\npolymer technology: elastic resistance of raw rubber or other polymer\n\n\nThe translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout \u00a7 Translations.\n\nTranslations to be checked\nLatin: (1) (please verify) nervus\nUkrainian: (1) (please verify) \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0432m (nerv)"
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "Verb",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "(transitive) To give courage.\n1925 July \u2013 1926 May,  A Conan Doyle,  \u201c(please specify the chapter number)\u201d, in  The Land of Mist (eBook no. 0601351h.html), Australia: Project Gutenberg Australia, published April 2019:The yellow-bearded Mailey, the old warrior, scarred with many combats and eager for more, stood beside his wife, the gentle squire who bore his weapons and nerved his arm.\nMay their example nerve us to face the enemy.\n1861,  Elizabeth Gaskell,  The Grey Woman:And how I strained my ears, and nerved my hands and limbs, beginning to twitch with convulsive movements, which I feared might betray me!"
          },
          {
            "mean": "(transitive) To give strength; to supply energy or vigour.\nThe liquor nerved up several of the men after their icy march.\n1907,  Barbara Baynton, Sally Krimmer; Alan Lawson, editors, Human Toll (Portable Australian Authors: Barbara Baynton), St Lucia: University of Queensland Press, published 1980, page 289:The shock nerved her, and she ran aimlessly till she fell, and for a time lay, but making a barrier of her arms, that the child should not be crushed."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "Anagrams",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "Verne, erven, never"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "meanskor": {
    "etymologies": [
      "1374\ub144\uacbd\ubd80\ud130 \uc911\uc138 \uc601\uc5b4 \uc2e0\uacbd, \uc911\uc138 \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \uc2e0\uacbd(\uc2e0\uacbd), \ub77c\ud2f4\uc5b4 \uc2e0\uacbd(\uc2dc\ub274)\uc73c\ub85c \uae30\ub85d\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4. \ub274\ub7f0\uacfc \uc0ac\uc778\uc758 \ub450 \ubc30."
    ],
    "typelist": [
      {
        "name": "\uba85\uc0ac",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": ""
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "\ub3d9\uc0ac.",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "\uc6a9\uae30\ub97c \uc8fc\ub2e4.\n1925\ub144 7\uc6d4 - 1926\ub144 5\uc6d4, \ucf54\ub09c \ub3c4\uc77c, \uc548\uac1c\uc758 \ub098\ub77c(eBook no). 0601351h.html), \ud638\uc8fc: 2019\ub144 4\uc6d4 \ubc1c\uac04\ub41c \ud504\ub85c\uc81d\ud2b8 \uad6c\ud150\ubca0\ub974\ud06c \ud638\uc8fc:\ub9ce\uc740 \uc804\ud22c\ub85c \uc0c1\ucc98\ub97c \uc785\uace0 \ub354 \ub9ce\uc740 \uac83\uc744 \uac08\ub9dd\ud558\ub294 \ub299\uc740 \uc804\uc0ac\uc778 \ub178\ub780 \uc218\uc5fc\uc758 \uba54\uc77c\ub9ac\ub294 \ubb34\uae30\ub97c \ub4e4\uace0 \ud314\uc744 \ubed7\uc740 \uc628\ud654\ud55c \ub300\uc9c0\uc8fc\uc778 \uc544\ub0b4 \uc606\uc5d0 \uc11c \uc788\uc5c8\ub2e4.\n\uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ubcf8\ubcf4\uae30\uac00 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub97c \uc801\uacfc \ub9de\uc11c\uac8c \ud558\uae30\ub97c.\n1861\ub144, \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc790\ubca0\uc2a4 \uac1c\uc2a4\ucf08, \ud68c\uc0c9 \uc5ec\uc778:\uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub0b4\uac00 \uc5b4\ub5bb\uac8c \uadc0\ub97c \uae34\uc7a5\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc190\uacfc \ud314\ub2e4\ub9ac\ub97c \uae34\uc7a5\uc2dc\ucf30\ub294\uc9c0, \ub0b4\uac00 \ub098\ub97c \ubc30\uc2e0\ud560\uae4c \ubd10 \ub450\ub824\uc6cc\ud588\ub358 \uacbd\ub828\uc801\uc778 \uc6c0\uc9c1\uc784\uc73c\ub85c \uacbd\ub828\ud558\uae30 \uc2dc\uc791\ud588\ub2e4!"
          },
          {
            "mean": "(\uc804\uc774\uc801) \ud798\uc744 \uc8fc\uace0, \uc5d0\ub108\uc9c0\ub098 \ud65c\ub825\uc744 \uacf5\uae09\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\uc5bc\uc74c\uac19\uc774 \ucc2c \ud589\uad70 \ud6c4\uc5d0 \uc220\uc774 \uba87 \uba85\uc758 \ub0a8\uc790\ub4e4\uc758 \uae30\uc6b4\uc744 \ubd81\ub3cb\uc544 \uc8fc\uc5c8\ub2e4.\n1907\ub144, \ubc14\ubc14\ub77c \ubca0\uc778\ud2bc, \uc0d0\ub9ac \ud06c\ub9ac\uba38; \uc568\ub7f0 \ub85c\uc2a8, \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790, \ud734\uba3c \ud1a8(\ud734\ub300\uc6a9 \ud638\uc8fc \uc791\uac00: \ubc14\ubc14\ub77c \ubca0\uc778\ud2bc), \uc138\uc778\ud2b8 \ub8e8\uc2dc\uc544: \ud038\uc990\ub79c\ub4dc \ub300\ud559 \ucd9c\ud310\ubd80, 1980\ub144 \ucd9c\ud310, 289\ucabd:\uadf8 \ucda9\uaca9\uc740 \uadf8\ub140\ub97c \uae34\uc7a5\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0, \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ub118\uc5b4\uc9c8 \ub54c\uae4c\uc9c0 \ubaa9\ud45c \uc5c6\uc774 \ub6f0\uc5c8\uace0, \uc7a0\uc2dc \ub204\uc6cc \uc788\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc, \uc544\uc774\uac00 \uc9d3\ubc1f\ud788\uc9c0 \uc54a\ub3c4\ub85d \ud314\uc744 \ub9c9\uc558\ub2e4."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "\uc560\ub108\uadf8\ub7a8\uc2a4",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "\ubc88, \uc5d0\ubc88, \uc808\ub300\ub85c"
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}