{ "dictype": "WikiDicScrap", "error": false, "code": 200, "json": { "type": "wiki", "pronunciations": { "phonetic": [ "reɪs" ], "listenurl": [ { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/race.ogg" }, { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/race.mp3" } ] }, "meansorg": { "etymologies": [ "From Middle English race, from Old Norse rás (“a running, race”), from Proto-Germanic *rēsō (“a course”), from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁s- (“to flow, rush”). Akin to Old English rǣs (“a race, swift or violent running, rush, onset”), Middle Low German râs (“a strong current”), Dutch ras (“a strong whirling current”). Compare Danish ræs, Norwegian and Swedish ras, Norwegian rås.", "1560s, via Middle French race from Italian razza (early 14th century), of uncertain origin.\n\n\ntheories\n\nDiez and some other scholars suggest derivation from Proto-Germanic *raitō (whence Old High German reiza (“line”) and Old Norse ríta (“to score, log, outline”)), perhaps via Lombardic *raiza (“line”), which Körting notes is a literal rendering of Latin linea sanguinis (“bloodline of descent”). Anatoly Liberman says \"the semantic fit is good\" but the chronology falters; he says the Germanic word went out of use before the Italian word arose, and he says the intermediary is not attested.\nSome scholars suggest derivation from Old Spanish raza, rasa, from earlier ras, res (“head of cattle”), from Arabic رَأْس‎ (raʔs, “head”), but Italian razza predates the Spanish word according to Diez and Meyer-Lübke.\nMeyer-Lübke suggested Latin generatio as the root; Körting says \"the disappearance of two initial syllables hardly seems credible\", but Meyer-Lübke notes the Venetian form narazza and the Old Bellunesian form naraccia, positing that after the first syllable ge- was lost, the remaining (una) narazza came to be reanalysed as una razza.\nGianfranco Contini suggests the Italian word comes from Old French haraz (“troop of horses”), whence Modern French haras (“breeding farm for horses; stud farm”), from Old Norse hárr (“grey-haired; hoary”). Liberman considers this derivation the most likely.\nOther suggested Latin etyma:\nradius (perhaps via Vulgar Latin *radia) (per Baist).\nradix (“root”) (per Ulrich); Liberman says \"the semantic match is excellent\", and race (“rhizome of ginger”) (which definitely derives from radix) shows that the phonology is plausible.\n*raptiare (“breed falcons”) (per Körting).\nThe nominative of ratio (perhaps via an unattested intermediate form *razzo), as opposed to ragione which derives from the accusative rationem.\nOther implausible suggestions include Slavic raz and Basque arraca, supposedly meaning \"stud animal\" (Basque arrazza, \"race\", derives from Spanish).", "From Middle French , from Latin radix.", "" ], "typelist": [ { "name": "Noun", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective. Example: Several horses run in a horse race, and the first one to reach the finishing post wins\nThe race around the park was won by Johnny, who ran faster than the others.\nWe had a race to see who could finish the book the quickest." }, { "mean": "Swift progress; rapid motion; an instance of moving or driving at high speed." }, { "mean": "(computing) A race condition." }, { "mean": "A progressive movement toward a goal.\nthe race to cure cancer" }, { "mean": "A fast-moving current of water, such as that which powers a mill wheel." }, { "mean": "A water channel, esp. one built to lead water to or from a point where it is utilised." }, { "mean": "Competitive action of any kind, especially when prolonged; hence, career; course of life." }, { "mean": "The bushings of a rolling element bearing which contacts the rolling elements." } ] }, { "name": "Verb", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(intransitive) To take part in a race (in the sense of a contest).\nThe drivers were racing around the track." }, { "mean": "(transitive) To compete against in a race (contest).\nI raced him to the car, but he was there first, so he got to ride shotgun." }, { "mean": "(intransitive) To move or drive at high speed; to hurry or speed.\nAs soon as it was time to go home, he raced for the door.\nHer heart was racing as she peered into the dimly lit room." }, { "mean": "(intransitive, of a motor) To run rapidly when not engaged to a transmission." } ] }, { "name": "Noun_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "A group of sentient beings, particularly people, distinguished by common ancestry, heritage or characteristics:", "submean": [ "A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage (compare ethnic group). See Wikipedia's article on historical definitions of race.\n", "A large group of people distinguished from others on the basis of common physical characteristics, such as skin color or hair type.\nRace was a significant issue during apartheid in South Africa.\n\nThe Native Americans colonized the New World in several waves from Asia, and thus they are considered part of the same Mongoloid race.", "A large group of sentient beings distinguished from others on the basis of a common heritage (compare species, subspecies).\nA treaty was concluded between the race of elves and the race of men.\n", "A group or category distinguished from others on the basis of shared characteristics or qualities, for example social qualities.\nThe advent of the Internet has brought about a new race of entrepreneur.\nRecent developments in artificial intelligence have brought about a new race of robots that can perform household chores without supervision.\n" ] }, { "mean": "(biology) A population geographically separated from others of its species that develops significantly different characteristics; a mating group." }, { "mean": "(zoology) Subspecies." }, { "mean": "(animal husbandry) A breed or strain of domesticated animal." }, { "mean": "(mycology, bacteriology, informal) An infraspecific rank, a pathotype, pathovar, etc." }, { "mean": "(obsolete) Peculiar flavour, taste, or strength, as of wine; that quality, or assemblage of qualities, which indicates origin or kind, as in wine; hence, characteristic flavour." }, { "mean": "(obsolete) Characteristic quality or disposition." }, { "mean": "(archaic, uncountable) Ancestry." } ] }, { "name": "Verb_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "To assign a race to; to perceive as having a (usually specified) race.\n1996, Philosophical Studies in Education, page 151:\nTo be raced as black in the U.S. translates symbolically into being considered inferior to whites, lazy, immoral, boisterous, violent, and sexually promiscuous.\n2006, Athena D. Mutua, Progressive Black Masculinities?, Routledge, →ISBN, page 30:From this perspective, the project of progressive blackness entails the edification of black people and the elimination of all forms of domination that limit this edification for all those raced as black.\n2008, George Yancy, Black Bodies, White Gazes: The Continuing Significance of Race, Rowman & Littlefield, →ISBN, page 46:By avoiding being raced as white, whites are able to maintain the illusion that they have always been individuals, that they have always accomplished their achievements through merit alone.\n2020 March 24, Sophie Lewis, The coronavirus crisis shows it's time to abolish the family:\nhe private family qua mode of social reproduction still, frankly, sucks. It genders, nationalizes and races us. It norms us for productive work." } ] }, { "name": "Noun_3", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "A rhizome or root, especially of ginger." } ] }, { "name": "Verb_3", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "Obsolete form of raze." } ] } ] }, "meanskor": { "etymologies": [ "", "", "", "" ], "typelist": [ { "name": "명사", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "동사.", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "명사_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "", "submean": [ "", "", "", "" ] }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" }, { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "동사_2", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "명사_3", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] }, { "name": "동사_3", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "" } ] } ] }, "synonyms": { "org": [ "subspecies", "breed", "variety" ], "kor": [ "", "", "" ] } } }