{ "type": "wiki", "pronunciations": { "phonetic": [ "\u02c8\u0283\u0254rt\u0259n" ], "listenurl": [ { "lang": "Audio (Southern England)", "url": "" }, { "lang": "Audio (Southern England)", "url": "" }, { "lang": "Audio (Southern England)", "url": "" } ] }, "meansorg": { "etymologies": [ "From Middle English shortnen, schortenen, equivalent to short + -en (verbal suffix). In some senses, a continuation (in altered form) of Middle English schorten (\u201cto make short, shorten\u201d), from Old English s\u010bortian (\u201cto become short\u201d), from Proto-Germanic skurt\u014dn\u0105 (\u201cto shorten\u201d)." ], "typelist": [ { "name": "Verb", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(transitive) To make shorter; to abbreviate.\n1877, Anna Sewell, \u201cChapter 22\u201d, in Black Beauty:\u00a0, London: Jarrold and Sons,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC:York came round to our heads and shortened the rein himself, one hole I think; every little makes a difference, be it for better or worse, and that day we had a steep hill to go up." }, { "mean": "(intransitive) To become shorter." }, { "mean": "(transitive) To make deficient (as to); to deprive (of).\n1697, Virgil, \u201cAeneis\u201d, in John Dryden, transl., The Works of Virgil: Containing His Pastorals, Georgics, and \u00c6neis.\u00a0, London: Jacob Tonson,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC:Spoiled of his nose, and shorten'd of his ears." }, { "mean": "(transitive) To make short or friable, as pastry, with butter, lard, etc." }, { "mean": "(transitive) To reduce or diminish in amount, quantity, or extent; to lessen.\nto shorten an allowance of food\n1699, John Dryden, Dedication to His Grace the Duke of Ormond:Here, where the subject is so fruitful, I am shortened by my chain.\n1858, George Borrow, The Romany Rye, volume 2, page 128:My grandfather, as I said before, was connected with a gang of shorters, and sometimes shortened money," }, { "mean": "(baking, of pastries, transitive) To make crumbly.\n1894, Helen M. Laughlin, The Journal of Agriculture Cook Book, Journal of Agriculture Co., page 212:Corn flour makes delicious pie crust, and needs less lard to shorten it." }, { "mean": "(nautical, transitive) To take in the slack of (a rope)." }, { "mean": "(nautical, transitive) To reduce (sail) by taking it in." } ] }, { "name": "Anagrams", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "Herston, Hornets, Rhotens, Thorens, Thorsen, enhorts, hornets, snoreth, thrones\n\n\n\n\n -->\nRetrieved from \"https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=shortenoldid=75572052\"\n\t\tCategories: English terms inherited from Middle EnglishEnglish terms derived from Middle EnglishEnglish terms suffixed with -en (inchoative)English terms inherited from Old EnglishEnglish terms derived from Old EnglishEnglish terms inherited from Proto-GermanicEnglish terms derived from Proto-GermanicEnglish 2-syllable wordsEnglish terms with IPA pronunciationEnglish terms with audio linksRhymes:English/\u0254\u02d0(\u0279)t\u0259nRhymes:English/\u0254\u02d0(\u0279)t\u0259n/2 syllablesEnglish lemmasEnglish verbsEnglish transitive verbsEnglish terms with quotationsEnglish intransitive verbsen:Bakingen:NauticalEnglish ergative verbsHidden categories: Quotation templates to be cleanedTerms with redundant transliterationsTerms with redundant transliterations/cmnRequests for review of Norman translations\n\t\n\n\n\n\tNavigation menu\n\t\n\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\tPersonal tools\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNot logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog in\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\tNamespaces\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tEntryDiscussion\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\tEnglish\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\tViews\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tReadEditHistory\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\tMore\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\tSearch\n\t\n\t\t
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