{ "type": "wiki", "pronunciations": { "phonetic": [ "\u02ccta\u026a\u02c8fun" ], "listenurl": [ { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/typhoon.ogg" }, { "lang": "Audio (US)", "url": "/var/www/html/blab/dic/audio/us/typhoon.mp3" }, { "lang": "Audio (AU)", "url": "" }, { "lang": "Audio (AU)", "url": "" } ] }, "meansorg": { "etymologies": [ "English texts mention typhon, tiphon as a Greek word for \"whirlwind\" since at least the 1550s,12 referring to Ancient Greek \u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd (tuph\u00f4n),1 \u03c4\u03c5\u03c6\u03ce\u03c2 (tuph\u1e53s, \u201cwhirlwind\u201d) (the latter attested since Aeschylus),3 \u03a4\u03c5\u03c6\u1ff6\u03bd (Tuph\u00f4n, \u201cTyphon, father of the winds\u201d). (French typhon (\u201cwhirlwind\u201d) is said to be attested since 1504.4) \nHowever, the first use of it as an English word for a whirlwind or storm dates to 1588, in the spelling Touffon, in the specific sense \"giant storm in the Pacific\"; this sense first appears in Europe in the mid 16th century in Portuguese tuf\u00e3o (attested since at least 1560), whence it entered English.15 Portuguese sailors likely got the word from Arabic \u0637\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0646 (\u1e6d\u016bf\u0101n) (compare Persian \u0637\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 (tuf\u00e2n), Hindi \u0924\u0942\u092b\u093c\u093e\u0928 (t\u016bf\u0101n)),167 and some spellings of the English word (like tufan) seem to derive from that Arabic word.\nThe Arabic word's origin is sometimes thought to be Sinitic \u5927\u98a8\uff0f\u5927\u98ce (\"big wind\", Mandarin d\u00e0f\u0113ng, Cantonese daai6 fung1 /ta\u02d0i\u032f\u00b2\u00b2 f\u028a\u014b\u2075\u2075/, Hakka thai-f\u00fbng /t\u02b0ai\u032f\u2075\u2075 fu\u014b\u00b2\u2074/),8 and some English forms like tyfoong, tyfung are from or were modified based on Chinese. However, the Arabic word may be entirely Semitic1 from the native root \u0637 \u0648 \u0641 (\u1e6d-w-f) in the sense of the wind circling around,9 or it might derive from Greek.89 (Some sources even suggest the term originated in Greek and travelled via Arabic to Chinese before making its way back into Arabic and back to Europe.10) Over time, the spelling of the word in English was influenced by the Greek word.111" ], "typelist": [ { "name": "Noun", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "A weather phenomenon in the northwestern Pacific that is precisely equivalent to a hurricane, which results in wind speeds of 64 knots (118 km/h) or above. Equivalent to a cyclone in the Indian Ocean and Indonesia/Australia." } ] }, { "name": "Verb", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "(intransitive) To swirl like a hurricane." } ] }, { "name": "See_also", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "cyclone\nhurricane\ntornado" } ] }, { "name": "References", "meanlist": [ { "mean": "\u2191 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Douglas Harper(2001\u20132023),\u201ctyphoon\u201d, inOnline Etymology Dictionary.\n\n ^ Richard Eden, Decades of the New World (1555), translating De orbe novo decades by Peter Martyr, published in 1895 by Edward Arber in The First Three English Books on America, page 81: \"These tempestes of the ayer (which the Grecians caule Tiphones, that is, whyrle wyndes) they caule, Furacanes: which they say, doo often tymes chaunce in this Ilande: \"\n\n ^ Liddell and Scott\n\n ^ \u201ctyphon\u201d, inTr\u00e9sor de la langue fran\u00e7aise informatis\u00e9 , 2012. (for 1504 they cite J. Lemaire de Belges, Couronne margaritique ds \u0152uvres, \u00e9d. J. Stecher, p. 85: \"ceux qui la portent , sont preservez de plusieurs perilz en mer et en terre: et mesmement dun vent fulmineux et subtil, nomm\u00e9 Typhon, qui esrache les arbres\"; the spellings typhon, tiffon, tifon persist for the rest of the 1500s before tuffon appears in 1619 and tufan, tufaon in 1628)\n\n ^ Thomas Hickock's translation of The voyage and trauell of M. Caesar Fredericke, Marchant of Venice, into the East India, and beyond the Indies: \"concerning which Touffon ye are to vnderstand, that in the East Indies often times, there are not stormes as in other countreys; but euery 10. or 12. yeeres there are such tempests and stormes, that it is a thing incredible, but to those that haue seene it.\"\n\n ^ Andrew Delahunty, From Bonbon to Cha-cha: Oxford Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases\n\n ^ Tai Whan Kim, The Portuguese Element in Japanese: A Critical Survey (1976): \"several points suggest that the Portuguese word came from the Arabic, not from Chinese tai-fung\"\n\n\u2191 8.0 8.1 \u201ctyphoon\u201d, inDictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995\u2013present.\n\n\u2191 9.0 9.1 A New English Dictionary on Historical Principles\n\n ^ The Arabic Contributions to the English Language: An Historical Dictionary by Garland Hampton Cannon and Alan S. Kaye considers typhoon \"a special case, transmitted by Cantonese, from Arabic, but ultimately deriving from Greek. The Chinese applied the concept to a rather different wind \"\n\n ^ Corriente, Federico(2008),\u201ctyphoon\u201d, inDictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords. Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects(Handbook of Oriental Studies 97), Leiden Brill, \u2192ISBN, page457a \u201ctif\u00f2 (Ct.), tif\u00f3n (Cs.) and tuf\u00e3o (Pt.): was prob. first acquired by Pt. during the initial explorations of the Indian Ocean, Ar. \u1e6d\u016bf\u0101n \"flood; hurricane\", and phonetically contaminated by Gr. typh\u1e53n, name of the mythical monster causing volcano eruptions and hurricanes.\u201d\n\n\n\n\n\n\n -->\nRetrieved from \"https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=typhoonoldid=75404053\"\n\t\tCategories: English terms derived from PortugueseEnglish terms derived from ArabicEnglish terms derived from Sinitic languagesEnglish 2-syllable wordsEnglish terms with IPA pronunciationEnglish terms with audio linksRhymes:English/u\u02d0nRhymes:English/u\u02d0n/2 syllablesEnglish lemmasEnglish nounsEnglish countable nounsEnglish verbsEnglish intransitive verbsen:Atmospheric phenomenaHidden categories: Word of the day archiveEnglish undefined derivationsTerms with manual transliterations different from the automated onesTerms with manual transliterations different from the automated ones/arRequests for translations into AinuTerms with redundant transliterationsTerms with redundant transliterations/yueTerms with redundant transliterations/cmnTerms with redundant transliterations/cdoRequests for review of Kazakh translationsRequests for translations into SaisiyatRequests for translations into Tok Pisin\n\t\n\n\n\n\tNavigation menu\n\t\n\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\tPersonal tools\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tNot logged inTalkContributionsCreate accountLog in\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\tNamespaces\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tEntryDiscussion\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\tEnglish\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\tViews\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tReadEditHistory\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\n\t\n\t\tMore\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\n\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\tSearch\n\t\n\t\t
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