{
  "type": "wiki",
  "pronunciations": {
    "phonetic": [
      "\u02c8\u0259t\u02ccmo\u028ast"
    ],
    "listenurl": [
      {
        "lang": "Audio (GA)",
        "url": ""
      },
      {
        "lang": "Audio (GA)",
        "url": ""
      }
    ]
  },
  "meansorg": {
    "etymologies": [
      "PIE word\u00fad\nFrom Middle English utmost, utemest, from Old English \u016btmest, \u016btemest, from \u016bt, \u016bte (\u201cout; outdoors, outside\u201d) + -mest (suffix meaning \u2018furthest\u2019, used to form superlatives of some adjectives) (and conflated with most). \u016at is derived from Proto-Germanic \u016bt (\u201cout, outward\u201d), from Proto-Indo-European \u00fad (\u201cout, outward\u201d).1"
    ],
    "typelist": [
      {
        "name": "Adjective",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "Situated at the most distant limit; farthest, outermost.\nSynonyms: outmost, uttermost, yondermost\nthe utmost limits of the land\nthe utmost extent of human knowledge\n, George Herbert, \u201cThe Sacrifice\u201d, in , editor, The Temple: Sacred Poems, and Private Ejaculations, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:    Thomas Buck and Roger Daniel; and are to be sold by Francis Green,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC; reprinted London: Elliot Stock,\u00a0, 1885, \u2192OCLC, page 26:Betwixt two thieves I  \u017fpend my utmo\u017ft breath, / As he that for \u017fome robberie \u017fuffereth.\n1644 October 21 (Gregorian calendar), John Evelyn, \u201c\u201d, in William Bray, editor, Memoirs, Illustrative of the Life and Writings of John Evelyn,\u00a0, 2nd edition, volume I, London: Henry Colburn,\u00a0; and sold by John and Arthur Arch,\u00a0, published 1819, \u2192OCLC, page 72:e coa\u017fted within 2 leagues of Antibes, which is the utmo\u017ft towne in France.\n1733, Danby Pickering, \u201cCap. IX. An Act to Explain and Amend Two Acts of Parliament,\u00a0, for Making Navigable the River Dun in the County of York,\u00a0\u201d, in The Statutes at Large, from the Second to the 9th Year of King George II.\u00a0, volume XVI, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:    Joseph Bentham,\u00a0; for Charles Bathurst,\u00a0, published 1765, \u2192OCLC, page 370:he ma\u017fters, wardens, \u017fearchers, a\u017f\u017fi\u017ftants and commonalty of the company of cutlers in Hallam\u017fhire in the county of York, their \u017fucce\u017f\u017fors and a\u017f\u017figns, are nominated and appointed undertakers of the \u017faid navigation, with power to make the \u017faid river navigable, at their own expence, from Holm\u017ftile afore\u017faid, up the \u017faid river above Holm\u017ftile to the utmo\u017ft extent of Tin\u017fley westward, \n1852 March, Professor Larrabee, \u201cThe Heavens\u201d, in W. C. Larrabee, editor, The Ladies\u2019 Repository: A Monthly Periodical, Devoted to Literature and Religion, volume XII, Cincinnati, Oh.: L. Swormstedt and A. Poe; \u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 109, column 1:As yet we are far from having explored the utmost depths of space. Our telescopes have only reached a limited distance into the regions of the heavens.\n1997, Luigi Giussani, \u201cThe Hypothesis of Revelation: Conditions for Its Acceptability\u201d, in John Zucchi, transl., The Religious Sense, Montreal, Que.: McGill\u2013Queen's University Press, \u2192ISBN, page 141:Our nature is need for truth and fulfilment, or, in other words, happiness.  But this desire, having reached the extreme borders of our life experience, still does not find what it has been searching for: at the utmost frontier of its lived territory, this urgent need of ours still has not found its answer."
          },
          {
            "mean": "The most extreme; greatest, ultimate.\nthe utmost assiduity\nthe utmost harmony\nthe utmost misery or happiness\nc. 1608\u20131609 (date written), William Shakespeare, \u201cThe Tragedy of Coriolanus\u201d, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies\u00a0 (First Folio), London:    Isaac Iaggard, and Ed Blount, published 1623, \u2192OCLC, , page 17, column 1:Ile go to him, and vndertake to bring him in peace, / Where he \u017fhall an\u017fwer by a lawfull Forme, / (In peace) to his vtmo\u017ft perill.\n1752, Jerome Osorio , \u201cBook XI\u201d, in James Gibbs, transl., The History of the Portuguese, during the Reign of Emmanuel:\u00a0, volume II, London:    A Millar,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 239:She was a lady adorned with many noble virtues: the utmo\u017ft \u017ftrictne\u017fs in her life and morals, ea\u017fy and affable in her behaviour, and agreeably mode\u017ft in her conver\u017fation.\n1824, W Bingley, Animal Biography, or, Popular Zoology;\u00a0, 6th edition, volumes II (Mammiferous Animals\u2014Birds), London:    C and J Rivington; , \u2192OCLC, pages 26\u201327:The migrations of the Economic Rats, are not less extraordinary than those of the Lemmings. In the spring of the year they collect together in amazing numbers, and proceed in a course directly westward; swimming with the utmost intrepidity over rivers, lakes, and even arms of the sea.\n1842 December \u2013 1844 July, Charles Dickens, \u201cWherein Certain Persons are Presented to the Reader, with Whom He may, if He Please, Become Better Acquainted\u201d, in The Life and Adventures of Martin Chuzzlewit, London: Chapman and Hall,\u00a0, published 1844, \u2192OCLC, page 16:\"Bah!\" cried John Westlock, with the utmost disgust and disdain the monosyllable is capable of expressing.\n1892, Walt Whitman, \u201cChildren of Adam: I Sing the Body Electric\u201d, in Leaves of Grass\u00a0, Philadelphia, Pa.: David McKay, publisher,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, stanza 6, page 84:The wildest largest passions, bliss that is utmost, sorrow that is utmost become him well, pride is for him, / The full-spread pride of man is calming and excellent to the soul, \n1999, Susan Hodges, Roy Carlile, \u201cUtmost Good Faith, Disclosure and Representations\u201d, in Cases and Materials on Marine Insurance Law, London: Cavendish Publishing, \u2192ISBN, page 213:A contract of marine insurance is uberrimae fidel or, as enunciated in s\u00a017 of the Marine Insurance Act, 'a contract based upon the utmost good faith'.  The obligations to disclose and to abstain from misrepresentations constitute the most significant manifestations of the duty to observe utmost good faith.\n2001, Elizabeth Bevarly, \u201cThe Temptation of Rory Monahan\u201d, in Katherine Garbera, Elizabeth Bevarly, An Irresistible Temptation (Harlequin Man of the Month), Don Mills, Ont.: Harlequin Enterprises, published 2015, \u2192ISBN, chapter 1, page 184:Of course, everything was of utmost importance to Isabel Trent, Miriam thought with a sigh. Nevertheless she adopted her expression of utmost gravity as she replied, \"Oh? I'm all ears.\"\n2005, Plato, translated by Lesley Brown, Sophist, page 236d:Indeed at this very moment he's slipped away with the utmost cunning into a form that's most perplexing to investigate."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "Noun",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "The greatest possible capability, extent, or quantity; maximum.\nSynonym: yondermost\nat the utmost\u2003\u2003\u2003 to the utmost\n1680, John Bunyan, The Pilgrim\u2019s Progress from This World, to That which is to Come:\u00a0, 5th edition, Edinburgh:    Iohn Cairns,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 116: I am re\u017folved to pluck up the heart of a man, and to try my utmo\u017ft to get from under his hand.\n1704, James Tyrrell, \u201cBook XII. Containing the Reign of King Richard II.\u201d, in The General History of England, both Ecclesiastical and Civil:\u00a0, volume III, 2nd part, London:    W. Rogers,\u00a0; J. Taylor,\u00a0; J. Sprint,\u00a0; and A Bell,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, page 912:he utmo\u017ft they could do, was to per\u017fuade Him to lay a\u017fide all Rancor and Di\u017fcontent again\u017ft tho\u017fe Confederate Lords, and to hearken to their de\u017fires.\n1843 December 19, Charles Dickens, \u201cStave Four. The Last of the Spirits.\u201d, in A Christmas Carol. In Prose. Being a Ghost Story of Christmas, London: Chapman & Hall,\u00a0, \u2192OCLC, pages 122\u2013123:But Scrooge was all the worse for this. It thrilled him with a vague uncertain horror, to know that behind the dusky shroud there were ghostly eyes intently fixed upon him, while he, though he stretched his own to the utmost, could see nothing but a spectral hand and one great heap of black.\n1963, Margery Allingham, \u201cMeeting Point\u201d, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, \u2192OCLC, page 232:Meanwhile Nanny Broome was recovering from her initial panic and seemed anxious to make up for any kudos she might have lost, by exerting her personality to the utmost. She took the policeman's helmet and placed it on a chair, and unfolded his tunic to shake it and fold it up again for him.\n2011, Simone de Beauvoir, \u201cJanuary 1947\u00a0\u2013 October 1951: America\u201d, in Quintin Hoare, transl., Letters to Sartre, New York, N.Y.: Arcade Publishing, \u2192ISBN, page 415:We drank martinis, while she gazed into my eyes and talked of Dolores\u00a0\u2013 in tones of the utmost loathing\u00a0\u2013 and of you, in tones of the utmost self-importance."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "References",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "^  \u201cutmost, adj. and n.\u201d, inOED Online , Oxford, Oxfordshire Oxford University Press, 1926; \u201cutmost, adj. and n.\u201d, inLexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019\u20132022."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  },
  "meanskor": {
    "etymologies": [
      "\ud30c\uc774 \uc6cc\ub4dc\uc6b0\ub4dc\nutemest, utemest, utemest, utt, utte, utte (outdoor, outdoor, outdoor) + -mest('furthest'\ub97c \uc758\ubbf8\ud558\ub294 \uc811\ubbf8\uc0ac, \uc77c\ubd80 \ud615\uc6a9\uc0ac\uc758 \ucd5c\uc0c1\uae09\uc744 \ud615\uc131\ud558\ub294 \ub370 \uc0ac\uc6a9\ub428). Ut\ub294 \uac8c\ub974\ub9cc\uc870\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub798\ud55c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c, \uc778\ub3c4\uc720\ub7fd\uc870\uc5b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uc720\ub798\ud55c \uac83\uc774\ub2e4.1"
    ],
    "typelist": [
      {
        "name": "\ud615\uc6a9\uc0ac",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "\uac00\uc7a5 \uba3c \ud55c\uacc4\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud558\uace0, \uac00\uc7a5 \uba40\ub9ac, \uac00\uc7a5 \ubc14\uae65\ucabd\uc5d0 \uc704\uce58\ud55c\ub2e4.\n\ub3d9\uc758\uc5b4: \uac00\uc7a5 \ubc14\uae65\ucabd, \uac00\uc7a5 \ub05d, \uac00\uc7a5 \uc800\ucabd\n\uadf8 \ub545\uc758 \uadf9\ud55c\n\uc778\uac04 \uc9c0\uc2dd\uc758 \uadf9\uce58\n, \uc870\uc9c0 \ud5c8\ubc84\ud2b8, \ub354 \ud76c\uc0dd, \ub354 \ud15c\ud50c: \uc131\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \uc2dc\uc640 \ucf00\uc784\ube0c\ub9ac\uc9c0\uc154, \ucf00\uc784\ube0c\ub9ac\uc9c0, \uc0ac\uc124 \uc0ac\uc815:    \ud1a0\ub9c8\uc2a4 \ubc85\uacfc \ub85c\uc800 \ub2e4\ub2c8\uc5d8\uc740 \ud504\ub79c\uc2dc\uc2a4 \uadf8\ub9b0, \u2192OCLC\uac00 \ud310\ub9e4\ud560 \uc608\uc815\uc774\uba70, \ub7f0\ub358\uc5d0\uc11c \uc7ac\uc778\uc1c4: \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc5c7 \uc2a4\ud1a1, 1885, \u2192OCLC, 26\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\ub450 \ub3c4\ub451 \uc0ac\uc774\uc5d0 \ub098\ub294 \uc228\uc744 \uc26c\uc9c0 \uc54a\uc744 \uac83\uc774\ub2e4. / \uadf8\ub294 \ub3c4\ub451\uc9c8\uc744 \uc704\ud574 \uace0\ud1b5\ubc1b\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ub9d0\uc774\ub2e4.\n1644\ub144 10\uc6d4 21\uc77c(\uadf8\ub808\uace0\ub9ac\uc548 \ub2ec\ub825), \uc874 \uc5d0\ube14\ub9b0, \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc790 \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \ube0c\ub808\uc774, \ud68c\uace0\ub85d, \uc874 \uc5d0\ube14\ub9b0\uc758 \uc0b6\uacfc \uae00\uc758 \uc0bd\ud654, \uc81c2\ud310, \ub7f0\ub358: \ud5e8\ub9ac \ucf5c\ubc88; \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc874\uacfc \uc544\uc11c \uc544\uce58\uac00 \ud310\ub9e4\ud55c, 1819, \u2192OCLC, 72\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:e\ub294 \ud504\ub791\uc2a4\uc758 \uc6b0\ud2b8\ubaa8\uc774\ud2b8 \ud0c0\uc6b4\uc778 \uc548\ud2f0\ubca0\uc2a4\uc758 2\uac1c \ub9ac\uadf8 \ub0b4\uc5d0\uc11c \uacf5\ub3d9 \uc81c\uc791\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\n1733, \ub304\ube44 \ud53c\ucee4\ub9c1, \ucea1. 9. \uc694\ud06c \uce74\uc6b4\ud2f0\uc758 \ub358 \uac15\uc744 \ud56d\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \ud558\uae30 \uc704\ud55c \uc758\ud68c\uc758 \ub450 \uac00\uc9c0 \ubc95\ub960\uc744 \uc124\uba85\ud558\uace0 \uac1c\uc815\ud558\ub294 \ubc95\ub960, \uc870\uc9c0 2\uc138 \uc655\uc758 2\ub144\ubd80\ud130 9\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0, \ucea0\ube0c\ub9ac\uc9c0, \ucf00\uc784\ube0c\ub9ac\uc9c0\uc154, \ubc95\ub839 \uc81c16\uad8c: \uc870\uc149 \ubca4\ub2f4, \ucc30\uc2a4 \ubc30\uc11c\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub97c \uc704\ud574, 1765\ub144 \ucd9c\ud310, \u2192OCLC, 370\ucabd: \uadf8\uc758 \uc7a5, \uad00\ub9ac\uc778, \uc5f0\uad6c\uc6d0, a\u017fi\u017ft\uc694\ud06c \uce74\uc6b4\ud2f0\uc758 \ud560\ub78c\uc154\uc5d0 \uc788\ub294 \uc808\ub2e8\uae30 \ud68c\uc0ac\uc758 \uac1c\ubbf8\uc640 \uacf5\ub3d9\uccb4, \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 ucceoors\uc640 \u017fsigns\ub294 \uc55e\uc5d0\uc11c \uc5b8\uae09\ud55c Holm\u017ftile\uc5d0\uc11c \uc11c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c Tin\u017fley\uc758 utmot \ubc94\uc704\uae4c\uc9c0 \u017faid \uac15\uc744 \ud56d\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub3c4\ub85d \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \ube44\uc6a9\uc73c\ub85c \u017faid \uac15\uc744 \ud56d\ud574\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \ud798\uc744 \uac00\uc9c4 \u017faid \ud56d\ud574\uc758 \ucc45\uc784\uc790\ub85c \uc9c0\uba85\ub418\uace0 \uc784\uba85\ub41c\ub2e4, \n1853\uc6d4 2\uc77c, \ub354 \ud5e4\ube10\uc2a4, W.C. \ub798\ub77c\ube44 \ud3b8\uc9d1\uc7a5, \uc5ec\uc131 \uc800\uc7a5\uc18c: \uc6d4\uac04 \uc815\uae30 \uac04\ud589\ubb3c, \ubb38\ud559\uacfc \uc885\uad50\uc5d0 \uc804\ub150, 12\uad8c, \uc2e0\uc2dc\ub0b4\ud2f0, \uc624: L. \uc2a4\uc6dc\uc288\ud2b8\uc640 A. Poe; , \u2192OCLC, 109\ud398\uc774\uc9c0, 1\uc5f4: \uc544\uc9c1 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \uc6b0\uc8fc\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uae4a\uc740 \uacf3\uc744 \ud0d0\ud5d8\ud55c \uac83\uacfc\ub294 \uac70\ub9ac\uac00 \uba40\ub2e4. \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ub9dd\uc6d0\uacbd\uc740 \ub2e8\uc9c0 \ud558\ub298\uc758 \uc9c0\uc5ed\uc5d0 \ud55c\uc815\ub41c \uac70\ub9ac\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud588\uc744 \ubfd0\uc774\ub2e4.\n1997, \ub8e8\uc774\uc9c0 \uc8fc\uc0ac\ub2c8, \uacc4\uc2dc\uc758 \uac00\uc124: \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \uc218\uc6a9 \uac00\ub2a5\uc131\uc758 \uc870\uac74, \uc874 \uc8fc\ud0a4 \ubc88\uc5ed, \uc885\uad50\uc801 \uac10\uac01, \ubaac\ud2b8\ub9ac\uc62c, \ud018\ubca1: \ub9e5\uae38-\ud038\uc988 \ub300\ud559 \ucd9c\ud310\ubd80, \u2192ISBN, 141\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \ubcf8\uc131\uc740 \uc9c4\uc2e4\uacfc \uc131\ucde8, \uc989 \ud589\ubcf5\uc744 \ud544\uc694\ub85c \ud55c\ub2e4.  \uadf8\ub7ec\ub098 \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc0b6\uc758 \uacbd\ud5d8\uc758 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801\uc778 \uacbd\uacc4\uc5d0 \ub3c4\ub2ec\ud55c \uc774 \uc695\ub9dd\uc740 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \uadf8\uac83\uc774 \ucc3e\uace0 \uc788\ub358 \uac83\uc744 \ucc3e\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud55c\ub2e4: \uadf8\uac83\uc758 \uc0b4\uc544\uc788\ub294 \uc601\ud1a0\uc758 \uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \ucd5c\uc804\ubc29\uc5d0\uc11c, \uc6b0\ub9ac\uc758 \uc774 \uae34\uae09\ud55c \ud544\uc694\ub294 \uc5ec\uc804\ud788 \ub2f5\uc744 \ucc3e\uc9c0 \ubabb\ud588\ub2e4."
          },
          {
            "mean": "\uac00\uc7a5 \uadf9\ub2e8\uc801\uc774\uace0, \uac00\uc7a5 \uc704\ub300\ud558\uace0, \uad81\uadf9\uc801\uc785\ub2c8\ub2e4.\n\uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \ud5cc\uc2e0\n\ucd5c\uc0c1\uc758 \uc870\ud654\n\uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \ubd88\ud589 \ub610\ub294 \ud589\ubcf5\nc. 1608\ub144\ubd80\ud130 1609\ub144\uae4c\uc9c0 \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \uc170\uc775\uc2a4\ud53c\uc5b4, \ucf54\ub9ac\uc62c\ub77c\ub204\uc2a4\uc758 \ube44\uadf9, \uc70c\ub9ac\uc5c4 \uc170\uc775\uc2a4\ud53c\uc5b4 \ud76c\uadf9, \uc5ed\uc0ac, \ube44\uadf9 (\ud37c\uc2a4\ud2b8 \ud3f4\ub9ac\uc624), \ub7f0\ub358:    Iaggard\uc640 Ed Blount, 1623, \u2192OCLC, 17\ud398\uc774\uc9c0, 1\uc5f4:\ub098\ub294 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uac00\uc11c, \uadf8\ub97c \ud3c9\ud654\ub86d\uac8c \ub370\ub824\uc624\uae30 \uc704\ud574, vnder take, / \uadf8\uac00 \ubc95\uc744 \uc900\uc218\ud558\ub294 Forme\uc5d0 \uc758\ud574 \ub2f5\ub840\uc790\uac00 \ub420 \uacf3, / (\ud3c9\ud654\ub86d\uac8c) \uadf8\uc758 vtmo\u017ft perill\ub85c.\n1752\ub144, \uc81c\ub86c \uc624\uc18c\ub9ac\uc624, 11\uad8c, \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4 \uae41\uc2a4 \ubc88\uc5ed, \uc5d0\ub9c8\ub204\uc5d8 \ud1b5\uce58 \uae30\uac04\uc758 \ud3ec\ub974\ud22c\uac08\uc778\uc758 \uc5ed\uc0ac: , 2\uad8c, \ub7f0\ub358:    \ubc00\ub77c, , \u2192OCLC, 239\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\uadf8\ub140\ub294 \ub9ce\uc740 \uace0\uadc0\ud55c \ub355\ubaa9\ub4e4\ub85c \uc7a5\uc2dd\ub41c \uc5ec\uc131\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4: \uc0b6\uacfc \ub3c4\ub355\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\uc758 \uc6b0\ud2b8\ubaa8\ud2b8 \"\ud2b8\ub974\ud06c\ub124\", \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ud589\ub3d9\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc27d\uace0 \uc0c1\ub0e5\ud558\uba70, \uadf8\ub140\uc758 \ub300\ud654\uc5d0 \uc788\uc5b4\uc11c\ub294 \uc720\ucf8c\ud558\uac8c \uc808\uc81c\ub418\uc5c8\ub2e4.\n1824\ub144, W \ube59\uae00\ub9ac, \ub3d9\ubb3c \uc804\uae30, \ub610\ub294 \ub300\uc911 \ub3d9\ubb3c\ud559;, \uc81c6\ud310, \uc81c2\uad8c (\uc560\uc644\ub3d9\ubb3c-\uc0c8), \ub7f0\ub358: C\uc640 J \ub9ac\ube59\ud134; \u2192 OCLC, 26-27\ucabd:\uacbd\uc81c \uc950\ub4e4\uc758 \uc774\uc8fc\ub294 \ub808\ubc0d\uc2a4\uc758 \uc774\uc8fc\ubcf4\ub2e4 \ub35c \ud2b9\ubcc4\ud558\ub2e4. \ud55c \ud574\uc758 \ubd04\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc740 \ub180\ub77c\uc6b4 \uc22b\uc790\ub85c \ud568\uaed8 \ubaa8\uc774\uace0, \ubc14\ub85c \uc11c\ucabd\uc73c\ub85c \ucf54\uc2a4\ub97c \uc9c4\ud589\ud55c\ub2e4; \uac15, \ud638\uc218, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uc2ec\uc9c0\uc5b4 \ubc14\ub2e4\uc758 \ud314\ub4e4 \uc704\uc5d0\uc11c \uadf9\ub3c4\ub85c \uc6a9\uac10\ud558\uac8c \uc218\uc601\ud55c\ub2e4.\n1842\ub144 12\uc6d4 - 1844\ub144 7\uc6d4, \ucc30\uc2a4 \ub514\ud0a8\uc2a4, \ub7f0\ub358 \ub9c8\ud2f4 \ucd94\uc990\uc717\uc758 \uc0b6\uacfc \ubaa8\ud5d8\uc5d0\uc11c \ud2b9\uc815\uc778\uc774 \ub3c5\uc790\uc5d0\uac8c \uc18c\uac1c\ub428: \ucc44\ud504\uba3c\uacfc \ud640, 1844\ub144 \ucd9c\ud310, \u2192OCLC, 16\ud398\uc774\uc9c0: \"\ubc14!\" \uc874 \uc6e8\uc2a4\ud2b8\ub85d\uc740 \ub2e8\uc74c\uc808\uc774 \ud45c\ud604\ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \ud610\uc624\uc640 \uacbd\uba78\ub85c \uc678\ucce4\ub2e4.\n1892, \uc6d4\ud2b8 \ud718\ud2b8\uba3c, \uc544\ub2f4\uc758 \uc544\uc774\ub4e4: \ub098\ub294 \ud39c\uc2e4\ubca0\uc774\ub2c8\uc544 \uc8fc \ud544\ub77c\ub378\ud53c\uc544\uc758 \ud480\uc78e\uc5d0\uc11c \ubc14\ub514 \uc77c\ub809\ud2b8\ub9ad\uc744 \ub178\ub798\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4. \ub370\uc774\ube44\ub4dc \ub9e5\ucf00\uc774, \ucd9c\ud310\uc0ac, \u2192OCLC, 6\uc808, 84\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc5f4\uc815, \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \ud589\ubcf5, \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc2ac\ud514, \uac00\uc7a5 \ud070 \uc2ac\ud514, \uadf8\ub97c \uc704\ud55c \uc790\ubd80\uc2ec\uc774 \uc788\uc2b5\ub2c8\ub2e4. / \uc0ac\ub78c\uc758 \ub110\ub9ac \ud37c\uc9c4 \uc790\ubd80\uc2ec\uc740 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \uc9c4\uc815\uc2dc\ud0a4\uace0 \uc601\ud63c\uc5d0\uac8c \ud6cc\ub96d\ud569\ub2c8\ub2e4, \n1999, Susan Hodges, Roy Carile, Mostimate Good Faith, \uacf5\uac1c \ubc0f \ud45c\ud604, \ud574\uc0c1 \ubcf4\ud5d8\ubc95\uc5d0 \uad00\ud55c \uc0ac\ub840 \ubc0f \uc790\ub8cc, \ub7f0\ub358: Cavendish Publish, \u2192ISBN, 213\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\ud574\uc0c1\ubcf4\ud5d8\uc758 \uacc4\uc57d\uc740 \ud574\uc0c1\ubcf4\ud5d8\ubc95 \uc81c17\uc870\uc5d0\uc11c '\ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc2e0\uc758\uc5d0 \uae30\ucd08\ud55c \uacc4\uc57d'\uc774\ub77c\uace0 \uba85\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \uc788\ub2e4.  \ud5c8\uc704\uc9c4\uc220\uc5d0 \ub300\ud55c \uacf5\uac1c\uc758\ubb34\uc640 \uae30\uad8c\uc758\ubb34\ub294 \ucd5c\uace0\uc758 \uc2e0\uc758\uc131\uc2e4 \uc900\uc218\uc758\ubb34\uc758 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud55c \ud45c\ud604\uc774\ub2e4.\n2001, \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc790\ubca0\uc2a4 \ubca0\ubc8c\ub9ac, \ub85c\ub9ac \ubaa8\ub098\ud55c\uc758 \uc720\ud639, \uce90\uc11c\ub9b0 \uac00\ubca0\ub77c, \uc5d8\ub9ac\uc790\ubca0\uc2a4 \ubca0\ubc8c\ub9ac, \uac70\ubd80\ud560 \uc218 \uc5c6\ub294 \uc720\ud639(\uc774\ub2ec\uc758 \ud560\ub9ac\ud038 \ub9e8), \ub3c8 \ubc00\uc2a4, \uc628\ud0c0\ub9ac\uc624: Harlequin Enterprise, 2015\ub144 \ubc1c\uac04, \u2192 ISBN, 1\uc7a5, 184\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\ubb3c\ub860 \uc774\uc0ac\ubca8 \ud2b8\ub80c\ud2b8\uc5d0\uac8c\ub294 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \uac83\uc774 \uac00\uc7a5 \uc911\uc694\ud558\ub2e4\uace0 \ubbf8\ub9ac\uc554\uc740 \ud55c\uc228\uc744 \uc26c\uba70 \uc0dd\uac01\ud588\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub7fc\uc5d0\ub3c4 \ubd88\uad6c\ud558\uace0 \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \uc911\ub825\uc758 \ud45c\ud604\uc744 \ucc44\ud0dd\ud558\uba70 \ub300\ub2f5\ud588\ub2e4. \"\uc624? \ub098\ub294 \uadc0 \uae30\uc6b8\uc778\ub2e4.\"\n2005, \ud50c\ub77c\ud1a4, \ub808\uc2ac\ub9ac \ube0c\ub77c\uc6b4 \uc62e\uae40, \uc18c\ud53c\uc2a4\ud2b8, 236\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\uc815\ub9d0\ub85c \ubc14\ub85c \uc774 \uc21c\uac04\uc5d0 \uadf8\ub294 \uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \uad50\ud65c\ud568\uc744 \uac00\uc9c0\uace0 \uc870\uc0ac\ud558\uae30\uc5d0 \uac00\uc7a5 \ub2f9\ud639\uc2a4\ub7ec\uc6b4 \ud615\ud0dc\ub85c \ube60\uc838\ub098\uac14\ub2e4."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "\uba85\uc0ac",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "\ucd5c\ub300 \uac00\ub2a5\ud55c \ucd5c\ub300 \ub2a5\ub825, \ubc94\uc704 \ub610\ub294 \uc591; \ucd5c\ub300.\n\ub3d9\uc758\uc5b4: \uac00\uc7a5 \uc800\ucabd\uc5d0 \uc788\uc74c\n\ucd5c\ub300\ud55c\uc73c\ub85c\n1680\ub144, \uc874 \ubc88\uc580, \uc21c\ub840\uc790\uc758 \ud604\uc138\uc5d0\uc11c \ub2e4\uac00\uc62c \uac83\uc73c\ub85c\uc758 \uc9c4\ubcf4:, 5\ud310, \uc5d0\ub518\ubc84\ub7ec:    Iohn Cairns, , \u2192OCLC, 116\ud398\uc774\uc9c0: \ub098\ub294 \ud55c \ub0a8\uc790\uc758 \ub9c8\uc74c\uc744 \ubf51\uc544\ub0b4\uace0, \uadf8\uc758 \uc190 \uc544\ub798\uc5d0\uc11c \ub098\uc758 utmo\ub97c \uc2dc\ub3c4\ud558\uae30\ub85c \uacb0\uc2ec\ud588\ub2e4.\n1704, \uc81c\uc784\uc2a4 \ud0c0\uc774\ub810, 12\uad8c. \ub9ac\ucc98\ub4dc 2\uc138\uc758 \ud1b5\uce58\ub97c \ud3ec\ud568\ud558\uba70, \uc601\uad6d\uc758 \uc77c\ubc18 \uc5ed\uc0ac\uc5d0\uc11c, \uae30\ub3c5\uad50\uc640 \uc2dc\ubbfc: , \uc81c3\uad8c, \uc81c2\ubd80, \ub7f0\ub358: W. \ub85c\uc800\uc2a4, J. \ud14c\uc77c\ub7ec, J. \uc2a4\ud504\ub9b0\ud2b8, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ubca8, \u2192OCLC, 912\ud398\uc774\uc9c0: \uadf8\ub4e4\uc774 \ud560 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc77c\uc740, \uadf8\uac00 \ubaa8\ub4e0 \ub791\ucf54\ub974\uc640 \ub514\uc5b8\ucee8\ud150\uce20\ub97c \ub2e4\uc2dc \ub193\ub3c4\ub85d \uc124\ub4dd\ud558\ub294 \uac83\uc774\uc5c8\ub2e4, \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \uadf8\ub4e4\uc758 \uc695\ub9dd\uc744 \ub4e3\uae30 \uc704\ud574.\n1843\ub144 12\uc6d4 19\uc77c, \ucc30\uc2a4 \ub514\ud0a8\uc2a4, \uc2a4\ud14c\uc774\ube0c \ud3ec. \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4 \uce90\ub864\uc5d0 \ub098\uc624\ub294 \ub9c8\uc9c0\ub9c9 \uc601\ud63c\ub4e4. \uc0b0\ubb38\uc5d0\uc11c. \ud06c\ub9ac\uc2a4\ub9c8\uc2a4\uc758 \uc720\ub839\uc774 \ub418\uc5b4\ub77c, \ub7f0\ub358: \ucc44\ud504\uba3c & \ud640, , \u2192 OCLC, 122-123\ucabd:\ud558\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2a4\ud06c\ub8e8\uc9c0\ub294 \uc774\uac83 \ub54c\ubb38\uc5d0 \ub354\uc6b1 \uc2ec\ud588\ub2e4. \uc5b4\ub460\uc774 \uae54\ub9b0 \uc7a5\ub9c9 \ub4a4\uc5d0 \uadc0\uc2e0 \uac19\uc740 \ub208\uc774 \uadf8\uc5d0\uac8c \uc9d1\uc911\ub418\uc5b4 \uc788\ub2e4\ub294 \uac83\uc744 \uc54c\uac8c \ub41c \uac83\uc740 \ub9c9\uc5f0\ud55c \ubd88\ud655\uc2e4\ud55c \uacf5\ud3ec\ub85c \uadf8\ub97c \ud765\ubd84\uc2dc\ucf30\uace0, \uadf8\ub294 \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \ub208\uc744 \ucd5c\ub300\ud55c \ubed7\uc5c8\uc9c0\ub9cc \uc2a4\ud399\ud2b8\ub7fc \uc190\uacfc \uac70\ub300\ud55c \uac80\uc740 \ub354\ubbf8 \uc678\uc5d0\ub294 \uc544\ubb34\uac83\ub3c4 \ubcfc \uc218 \uc5c6\uc5c8\ub2e4.\n1963\ub144, \ub9c8\ub974\uac8c\ub9ac \uc568\ub9c1\uc5c4, \ubbf8\ud305 \ud3ec\uc778\ud2b8, \uc911\uad6d \uc815\ubd80: \ubbf8\uc2a4\ud130\ub9ac, \ub7f0\ub358: Chatto & Windus, \u2192OCLC, 232\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\uadf8\ub7ec\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \ubcf4\ubaa8 \ube0c\ub8f8\uc740 \ucd08\uae30 \uacf5\ud669\uc5d0\uc11c \ud68c\ubcf5\ud558\uace0 \uc788\uc5c8\uace0, \uc790\uc2e0\uc758 \uc778\uaca9\uc744 \ucd5c\ub300\ud55c \ubc1c\ud718\ud568\uc73c\ub85c\uc368 \uc783\uc5c8\uc744 \uc218 \uc788\ub294 \uc5b4\ub5a4 \uce6d\ucc2c\ub3c4 \ub9cc\ud68c\ud558\uace0 \uc2f6\uc5b4\ud558\ub294 \uac83\ucc98\ub7fc \ubcf4\uc600\ub2e4. \uadf8\ub140\ub294 \uacbd\ucc30\uad00\uc758 \ud5ec\uba67\uc744 \ubc1b\uc544 \uc758\uc790\uc5d0 \ub193\uace0 \ud29c\ub2c9\uc744 \ud3bc\uccd0 \ud754\ub4e4\uc5b4 \ub2e4\uc2dc \uc811\uc5c8\ub2e4.\n2011, \uc2dc\ubaac \ub4dc \ubcf4\ubd80\uc544\ub974, 1947\ub144 1\uc6d4 ~ 1951\ub144 10\uc6d4: \ubbf8\uad6d, \ud038\ud2f4 \ud638\uc544\ub808 \ubc88\uc5ed, \uc0ac\ub974\ud2b8\ub974\uc5d0\uac8c \ubcf4\ub0b4\ub294 \ud3b8\uc9c0, \ub274\uc695: Arcade Publishing, \u2192 ISBN, 415\ud398\uc774\uc9c0:\uadf8\ub140\uac00 \ub0b4 \ub208\uc744 \uc751\uc2dc\ud558\uace0 \ub3cc\ub85c\ub808\uc2a4\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 \uc774\uc57c\uae30\ud558\ub294 \ub3d9\uc548 \uc6b0\ub9ac\ub294 \ub9c8\ud2f0\ub2c8\ub97c \ub9c8\uc168\ub2e4 - \uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \ud610\uc624\uc758 \ud1a4\uc73c\ub85c - \uadf8\ub9ac\uace0 \ub108\uc5d0 \ub300\ud574 - \uadf9\ub3c4\uc758 \uc790\ubd80\uc2ec\uc758 \ud1a4\uc73c\ub85c."
          }
        ]
      },
      {
        "name": "\ucc38\uace0 \ubb38\ud5cc",
        "meanlist": [
          {
            "mean": "^  mestimate, adj. and n., OED Online, \uc625\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub4dc, \uc625\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub4dc\uc154 \uc625\uc2a4\ud3ec\ub4dc \ub300\ud559 \ucd9c\ud310\ubd80, 1926; mestimate, adj. and n., \ub809\uc2dc\ucf54, Dictionary.com ; \uc625\uc2a4\ud37c\ub4dc \ub300\ud559 \ucd9c\ud310\ubd80, 2019-2021."
          }
        ]
      }
    ]
  }
}